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如何将具有特殊光、电性能的单个无机纳米粒子按照人类的意愿构建成宏观尺度、具有特定结构和性质的集合体,一直是当今科学界最具挑战性的前沿课题之一。我们发现,尺寸分布不均一的无机纳米粒子能自发组装为尺寸均一、具有核/壳结构的超级纳米粒子。这种多分散纳米粒子的自限制生长过程由纳米粒子自身的库仑排斥力和范德华吸引力间的平衡所控制。对这些相互作用力本质的认识为纳米粒子组装基元的可控设计和合成提供了理论基础,并可用于构建包括具有分级结构的胶体晶体在内的各种自组装结构,为纳米粒子的实际应用提供了新途经。此外,该研究结果对于理解单分散性的病毒等生物体系和聚合物等有机大分子超结构的形成具有指导意义。
How to build a single inorganic nanoparticle with special optical and electrical properties into a macro-scale and with a specific structure and properties according to the wishes of mankind has always been one of the most challenging frontier topics in today’s scientific community. We have found that inorganic nanoparticles with heterogeneous size distribution can spontaneously assemble into super-sized nanoparticles with core / shell structure. The self-limiting growth of the polydisperse nanoparticles is governed by the balance between the Coulomb repulsion of the nanoparticles themselves and the attraction of van der Waals forces. The understanding of the nature of these interactions provides a theoretical basis for the controlled design and synthesis of nanoparticle assembly motifs and can be used to construct various self-assembled structures including colloidal crystals with hierarchical structures, Application provides a new way. In addition, the results of this study are instructive for understanding the formation of organic macromolecules such as monospecific viruses and other biological systems and polymers.