本文仅就20世纪以来,在眼科检查方面具有重要价值而被普通采用之检查器械——活体显微镜——的有关诸问题,扼要加以阐述,供同道参考。回顾历史,对外眼之检查,古代学者均利用灯光或日光之照明作一般之观查,而Himly氏(1773—1837)首创斜照法(或称焦点映照);后经Purkinje氏于1823年加以改进,利用斜照法结合放大镜之使用,才开始有了较精细之检查。由于其简单易行,经济实用,迄今仍不失为眼科常规检查方面之有利工 In this article, we will briefly elaborate on the relevant issues that have been commonly used in the field of ophthalmological examination since the 20th century and are commonly used as inspection instruments - live microscopes, and provide a brief introduction for fellow practitioners. In retrospect of history and examination of the outside world, ancient scholars used light or daylight illumination for general observation, whereas Himly’s (1773-1837) pioneered the oblique method (or focal point mapping) and later Purkinje’s (1823) Improvement, the use of oblique light combined with the use of a magnifying glass, began to have a more detailed examination. Because of its simple, economical and practical, so far, it is still beneficial to routine ophthalmic examination