目的探讨2014-2015年惠州地区客家人群产妇产褥期营养情况调查及预防价值。方法选取2014年5月-2015年5月在该院产科分娩的客家人群产妇646例作为客家组,其中219例给予常规产褥期指导作为未干预组、427例给予产褥期营养保健作为干预组,另选取非客家人群产妇312例作为非客家组。了解产妇产褥期膳食结构、营养状况,记录客家人群干预组和未干预组产后6周子宫底高度、BMI、泌乳量及产褥期并发症发生率。结果客家-未干预组粮谷薯类、蔬菜类、水果类、乳类实际摄入量均低于非客家组(P<0.05);客家-干预组粮谷薯类、豆类/坚果、蔬菜类、水果类、乳类、水产类实际摄入量高于未干预组,蛋类、禽畜类低于未干预组(P<0.05);客家-未干预组膳食纤维、维生素C摄入量低于非客家组(P<0.05);干预组能量、膳食纤维、维生素A、维生素B2、维生素E、维生素C、叶酸、铁、钙的摄入量高于未干预组,蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、胆固醇低于未干预组(P<0.05);干预组产后6周子宫底高度、BMI低于未干预组,泌乳量高于未干预组(P<0.05);干预组产褥期感染、子宫复旧不全、便秘、尿潴留、乳房胀痛、痔疮、牙龈出血发生率均低于未干预组(P<0.05)。结论客家人群产妇产褥期膳食结构不合理,应给予产褥期膳食、运动等营养保健干预,提高泌乳量,预防肥胖,降低产褥期并发症的发生率。 Objective To investigate the nutritional status of puerperal maternal Hakka in Huizhou during 2014-2015 and its preventive value. Methods From May 2014 to May 2015, 646 pregnant women in Hakka group who gave birth in this hospital were selected as Hakka group. Among them, 219 cases were given routine guidance of postpartum period as non-intervention group, 427 cases were given nutrition service of puerperium as intervention group, 312 non-Hakka mothers as non-Hakka group. To understand the dietary structure and nutritional status of puerperium during maternal age, record the heights of uterine fundus, BMI, milk yield and the incidence of postpartum complications 6 weeks after delivery in the Hakka crowd. Results The actual intakes of cereal grains, vegetables, fruits and milk in Hakka-untreated group were significantly lower than those in non-Hakka group (P <0.05). In Hakka-intervention group, grain and potato, legumes / The actual intakes of fruits, dairy products and aquatic products were higher than those of the non-intervention group, while the levels of eggs and livestock were lower than those of the non-intervention group (P <0.05). The dietary fiber and vitamin C intake (P <0.05). The intake of energy, dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin E, vitamin C, folic acid, iron and calcium in the intervention group were higher than those in the non-Hakka group. Protein, carbohydrate, (P <0.05). The height of the uterus at the end of 6 weeks after delivery in the intervention group was lower than that in the non-intervention group (P <0.05), while the BMI in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the untreated group Incomplete, constipation, urinary retention, breast tenderness, hemorrhoids, bleeding gums were lower than the non-intervention group (P <0.05). Conclusions The dietary structure of the puerpera in the Hakka population is unreasonable. Dietary and exercise diet such as puerperium should be given to increase the amount of lactation, prevent obesity and reduce the incidence of postpartum complications.