激光熔覆技术经多年发展已取得许多成功的工业应用,但如何控制工艺以达到最佳成形效果,需要通过研究工艺参数与成形精度之间的关系才能找到最终的解决方案。借助激光熔覆快速成形法制备316L不锈钢实验试样,研究工艺参数组合对成形试样形状的影响规律。通过定义单涂覆层截面形状特征参数,采用线性相关法处理截面形状数据,建立工艺参数组合与截面形状特征参数的线性关系。此外,激光熔覆成形件易出现两类典型缺陷,即晶界间微裂纹和层间熔合不良缺陷。 Laser cladding technology has achieved many successful industrial applications after many years of development. However, how to control the process to achieve the best forming effect, the final solution needs to be found by studying the relationship between process parameters and forming accuracy. The 316L stainless steel test specimens were prepared by laser cladding rapid prototyping and the influence of the process parameters on the shape of the formed specimens was studied. By defining the characteristic parameters of the cross-section shape of the single coating, the cross-sectional shape data is processed by the linear correlation method to establish the linear relationship between the process parameter combination and the cross-sectional shape characteristic parameters. In addition, two typical types of defects are easily found in laser cladding formed parts, namely micro-cracks between intergranular boundaries and poor interfacial fusion defects.