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英国铁路进行“网运分离”改革后,铁路产业的交易成本表现为路网公司和运营公司之间的纵向交易成本、控制竞争的横向交易成本和其他横向交易成本如机车车辆交易成本。根据对机车车辆的资产专用型、租赁期和列车运营公司的特许经营的研究,得出减少机车车辆交易成本的办法是改变资产专用性和管理结构,铁路产业重组要综合考虑引入竞争、减少缺乏外部竞争的效益损失和交易成本三方面因素。
After the “separation of transportation from network operation” reform carried out by the British Railways, the transaction costs of the railway industry are expressed as the vertical transaction costs between the road network companies and the operating companies, the horizontal transaction costs of controlling competition and other horizontal transaction costs such as the transaction costs of rolling stock. Based on the research on the asset-specific type of rolling stock, lease period and franchise of train operating companies, it is concluded that the method to reduce the transaction cost of rolling stock is to change the specificity and management structure of rolling stock. The reorganization of railway industry should consider the introduction of competition and reduce the shortage External competition, the loss of benefits and transaction costs of three factors.