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人性问题是中国哲学特别是儒家哲学的一个重要问题。而孟子的“四端”学说可谓是其性善论的理论基础,也以此为儒家的伦理道德主张奠定了一个内在的人性论依据。以往的诠释总是把孟子的“四端”说放在一起,忽略了它们各自的相对独立性,尤其是“恻隐之心,仁之端也”的根本性地位。通过“孟子告子之争”、“小孩入井”等事件的心理感受,孟子揭橥了“恻隐之心,人皆有之”的道理。盖在孟子看来,恻隐之心乃人之底线即为人之本。如今法治社会的法律底线屡遭触碰,希冀孟子的“恻隐之心”能够引发人们对道德底线的思考。
Humanity is an important issue in Chinese philosophy, especially Confucianism. And Mencius ’s theory of “four ends ” can be described as the theoretical foundation of his good nature theory, and also laid an intrinsic basis of human nature for Confucian ethics. Past interpretations always put Mencius’s “four ends ” together, ignoring their respective relative independence, especially “the heart of compassion, the kernel of benevolence ”. Mencius unveiled the truth that Mencius had a “hidden heart” in the psychological feelings of such events as the war of Mencius and the child into the well. It seems in Mencius, the bottom line of compassion is the human mind. Nowadays, the legal bottom line of the rule of law society has been repeatedly touched, hoping that the “hidden heart” of Mencius will trigger people’s thinking on the moral bottom line.