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为了解农牧一体化下“玉米田养鹅”生产模式的土壤温度影响机制,通过对比试验方法进行田间试验,结果表明:玉米田养鹅处理杂草群落平均密度为171.33株/m~2,是对照密度(11.11株/m~2)的15.42倍,处理间差异极显著(P<0.01;n=9),该处理下杂草Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.76,Simpson多样性指数为0.77,均高于对照;玉米田养鹅处理的地上生物量为386.30g/m~2,是对照(5.67g/m~2)的68.13倍,处理间差异极显著(P<0.01;n=9),同时玉米田养鹅处理的盖度为90.56%,是对照(7.22%)的12.54倍,处理间差异极显著(P<0.01;n=9)。在白天土壤温度的变化过程中,玉米田养鹅处理较高的地上生物量和丰富的地表植被使得田间地下生物生理代谢活动旺盛,土壤呼吸作用增强,土壤CO2呼吸通量增加,高达308.64 mg/(m~2·h),显著高于对照的234.90mg/(m~2·h)(P<0.05;n=9)。因此,在试验期间白天光照不足,地表接受光照辐射有限的情况下,生物代谢活动产生的热量是影响土壤温度的主导因素,白天的土壤温度高于对照。在夜间土壤温度的变化中,玉米田养鹅处理5~15cm的土壤含水量为16.14%,显著高于对照1.27%(P<0.05;n=9),水的良好导热能力促进了土壤的散热,使得玉米田养鹅处理表层土壤夜间散热较快,以致夜间该处理下的土壤温度低于对照。因此,在“玉米田养鹅”模式生产过程的前期,生物代谢活动和土壤含水量是影响土壤温度变化的主要因素。
In order to understand the mechanism of soil temperature affected by the integration of farming and animal husbandry, the field experiment was conducted by comparing the experimental methods. The results showed that the average density of weed communities treated with goose geese was 171.33 / m ~ 2, which was 15.42 times of the control density (11.11 plants / m ~ 2), the difference between the treatments was extremely significant (P <0.01; n = 9). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of weed was 1.76 and the Simpson diversity index (0.76, 0.77, 0.77, respectively). The aboveground biomass of goose geese was 386.30 g / m ~ 2, which was 68.13 times of the control (5.67 g / m ~ 2) = 9). Meanwhile, the coverage of goose feeding in corn field was 90.56%, which was 12.54 times that of control (7.22%). There was significant difference between treatments (P <0.01; n = 9). During the daytime soil temperature changes, the high aboveground biomass and abundance of surface vegetation of goose geese resulted in strong bio-physiological metabolism in the field, enhanced soil respiration, and increased soil CO2 respiration up to 308.64 mg / (m ~ 2 · h), which was significantly higher than 234.90mg / (m ~ 2 · h) of control (P <0.05; n = 9). Therefore, under the condition of insufficient daylight during the experiment and limited surface exposure to radiation, the heat generated by bio-metabolic activities is the dominant factor affecting the soil temperature. The daytime soil temperature is higher than that of the control. In the nighttime soil temperature change, the soil water content of 5 ~ 15cm of goose geese treatment was 16.14%, which was significantly higher than that of the control (P <0.05; n = 9). The good thermal conductivity of water promoted the soil heat dissipation , Making the surface soil of corn goose heat treatment at night faster heat dissipation, so that the soil temperature under the treatment at night under control. Therefore, bio-metabolic activities and soil water content are the major factors that affect the soil temperature change in the early stage of “Cornfield Goose” mode of production.