【目的】了解长沙市儿童青少年儿童血压水平及高血压的流行现状,为预防儿童青少年高血压提供依据。【方法】采用随机整群抽样方法,随机抽取长沙市18所中学生,对其初一至高二的全部学生进行血压和体格测量,并进行血压和营养状况的评价。【结果】1)18922名12~17岁儿童青少年中,检出患高血压者1 276人,占6.7%;临界高血压者1 127人,占6.0%;2)儿童收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)和舒张压(diatolic blood pressure,DBP)随年龄增长而增加,12岁女生的SBP和DBP高于男生,但男生逐渐追赶,16岁时超过女生水平;3)就高血压发生率而言,男生高于女生,随年龄增长发生率增高,但女生、较低年龄组临界高血压发生率较高;4)肥胖组的高血压和临界高血压发生率最高,其次为超重组,正常体重组的发生率最低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=69.348,P=0.000)。【结论】长沙市12~17岁儿童青少年高血压发生率处于中等水平,男生血压增长速度较快,儿童高血压发生率与肥胖呈正相关。 【Objective】 To understand the prevalence of blood pressure and hypertension in children and adolescents in Changsha and provide evidence for prevention of hypertension in children and adolescents. 【Method】 A total of 18 middle school students in Changsha city were selected randomly from a random cluster sampling method. Blood pressure and physical measurements were performed on all the students from the first to the second high school. Blood pressure and nutritional status were also evaluated. 【Results】 1) Of 18,922 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, 1 276 were diagnosed as having hypertension, accounting for 6.7%; those with critical hypertension were 1 127, accounting for 6.0%; 2) systolic blood pressure , SBP and DBP increased with age. SBP and DBP in 12-year-old girls were higher than those in boys, but boys were gradually catching up and surpassing girls in 16-year-old girls. 3) In terms of the prevalence of hypertension Say, boys are higher than girls, with the increasing incidence of age, but girls, lower age group high incidence of critical hypertension; 4) the incidence of hypertension and critical hypertension in obese group was highest, followed by overweight group, normal The incidence of body weight group was the lowest, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 69.348, P = 0.000). 【Conclusion】 The prevalence of hypertension among adolescents aged 12-17 years in Changsha is at a moderate level. The prevalence of hypertension in boys is relatively high. The incidence of hypertension in children is positively correlated with obesity.