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通过分析一般的基于John von Neumann随机数提取机制的随机数生成方案,提出了一种改进的有效生成真随机数的方案。此方案只需制备一种单量子态进行测量,应用John von Neumann提取机制对数据做处理,最后得到平衡随机序列。与之前的方案相比,改进后的方案更加简洁,且初始阶段所需粒子由Bell态简化成了单量子态。在对大量随机序列做统计后估算误差,进一步提出了简单的生成非平衡随机数的方法。
By analyzing the general random number generation scheme based on the John von Neumann random number extraction mechanism, an improved scheme for generating true random numbers is proposed. In this scheme, we only need to prepare a single quantum state for the measurement, apply the John von Neumann extraction mechanism to process the data, and finally obtain a balanced random sequence. Compared with the previous scheme, the improved scheme is more concise, and the particles needed in the initial stage are simplified from Bell states to single quantum states. After making statistics on a large number of random sequences, the error is estimated, and a simple method of generating non-equilibrium random numbers is proposed.