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奈格里的《超越马克思的马克思》是对马克思《经济学手稿(1857—1858年)》的一项政治性解读,其基本问题意识是重建革命主体,这个问题意识来源于意大利的工人自治运动。奈格里对革命主体的重建体现在两方面:首先,在劳动与资本的对抗关系中重新建构了革命主体产生的可能性,在资本主义生产方式的内在矛盾中塑造出自主抵抗的革命主体;其次,在资本主义生产方式从前福特制向福特制乃至后福特制转型的过程中重新界定了革命主体,即在非物质劳动成为主导生产的时代中,革命主体是“社会工人”而非经典马克思主义的工人阶级。这两方面的阐述共同构成了“超越马克思的马克思”的努力,从而将马克思的政治经济学分析转化为福柯式的权力分析,并为全球化资本主义时代的政治批判奠定了理论基础。
Nigel’s “Marx beyond Marx” is a political interpretation of Marx’s Economic Manuscripts (1857-1858). The basic problem consciousness is to rebuild the main body of the revolution. The awareness of this issue comes from the workers’ autonomy movement in Italy . Nigel’s reconstruction of the revolutionary subject manifests itself in two aspects. First, he reconstructs the possibility of the revolutionary subject in the confrontational relationship between labor and capital, and shapes the revolutionary subject with its own resistance in the inherent contradictions of the capitalist mode of production. Second, in the process of transforming the capitalist mode of production from the Ford system to the Ford system and even to the post-Ford system, the main body of revolution redefined the main body of revolution in which the main body of revolution is the “social worker” instead of the non-material labor Classic Marxist working class. The elaboration of these two aspects together constitutes the effort to “transcend Marx’s Marxism,” thus turning Marx’s political-economic analysis into Foucault’s analysis of power and laying the theoretical foundation for the political critique of the era of globalized capitalism .