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一、 “简单介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
介词的选择主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定;或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定。例如:
(2010上海) Wind power is an ancient source of energy______we may return in the near future.
A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which
答案: C。 句意:风力是很古老的一种能源,不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。 return to重新利用,属于固定搭配。故排除A、B、D项。
二、 考查“the + 名词 + of + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
(2010江苏) The newly-built cafe, the walls of______are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
答案: D。 句意:墙壁被粉刷成为淡绿色的那个新建的咖啡馆对我们来说确实是一个宁静的地方,尤其是辛苦工作之后。 which指代cafe, the walls of which相当于of which the walls或whose walls。 the + 名词 + of + which/whom也可表达为 of + which/whom the + 名词或whose + 名词。
三、 考查“代词/数词 + of + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
介词of后指人的关系代词只能是whom, 指物的关系代词只能是which。 也可将of which/whom提前,然后再接代词或数词。注意这时of which/whom不能改为whose。 例如:
(2011湖南) Julia was good at German, French and Rusian, all of______she spoke fluently.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
答案: C。 考查“代词 + of + 关系代词”引导的定语从句,代词有all, most, half, each, none, both等。先行词为物,故答案应选which。
注意事项:
1. “介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句时,关系代词只有whom(指人), which(指物)和whose(表所有)。不能用who或that。
2. “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句中关系代词不能省略,但介词后置时限定性定语从句中的关系代词可以省略。
3. 关系副词可以用“介词 + 关系代词”来替换。 when = at/in/on + which; where = at/in/on + which; why = for which。 关系代词whose也可用“of + which/whom”来替换。
4. 含有固定搭配的动词短语,由于其关系紧密,不宜拆分,所以不能将介词置于关系代词之前。这类常见的动词短语主要有: look after, take care of, look forward to, listen to, look at, look into, run across, depend on, pay attention to, break into等。
5. 介词短语在定语从句中作表语,构成“主系表”结构时,不能将介词提到关系代词前。这类介词短语主要有: be for, be against, be after, be with等。
追踪练习:
1. (2010浙江) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of______left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A. whom B. which C. them D. those
答案: A。 句意:这个定居点是将近1000人的家园,他们中的许多人为了过上更好的生活离开农村老家来到这座城市。本题考查“代词 + of + 关系代词”引导的非限定性定语从句,先行词是people, 指人,只有whom符合条件。 which指物, them与those不能引导定语从句,故排除。
2. (2000上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,______was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
答案: B。 本题考查“the + 名词 + of + 关系代词”, the price of which指代the price of the vase, 答案也可以是whose price。
3. (2009陕西) Gun control is a subject______Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which
答案: C。 从句中的动词与介词构成固定搭配“argue about sth. 争论某事”。
4. (2008湖南) The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,______are beyond our control.
A. most of them B. most of which
C. most of what D. most of that
答案: B。 本题考查“代词 + of + 关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。关系代词不能用what或that, 故排除C和D。 若选A, 要在most of them前加and, 构成并列句。
5. (2005全国I) I have many friends,______some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
答案: D。 相当于some of the friends.
介词的选择主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定;或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定。例如:
(2010上海) Wind power is an ancient source of energy______we may return in the near future.
A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which
答案: C。 句意:风力是很古老的一种能源,不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。 return to重新利用,属于固定搭配。故排除A、B、D项。
二、 考查“the + 名词 + of + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
(2010江苏) The newly-built cafe, the walls of______are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
答案: D。 句意:墙壁被粉刷成为淡绿色的那个新建的咖啡馆对我们来说确实是一个宁静的地方,尤其是辛苦工作之后。 which指代cafe, the walls of which相当于of which the walls或whose walls。 the + 名词 + of + which/whom也可表达为 of + which/whom the + 名词或whose + 名词。
三、 考查“代词/数词 + of + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
介词of后指人的关系代词只能是whom, 指物的关系代词只能是which。 也可将of which/whom提前,然后再接代词或数词。注意这时of which/whom不能改为whose。 例如:
(2011湖南) Julia was good at German, French and Rusian, all of______she spoke fluently.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
答案: C。 考查“代词 + of + 关系代词”引导的定语从句,代词有all, most, half, each, none, both等。先行词为物,故答案应选which。
注意事项:
1. “介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句时,关系代词只有whom(指人), which(指物)和whose(表所有)。不能用who或that。
2. “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句中关系代词不能省略,但介词后置时限定性定语从句中的关系代词可以省略。
3. 关系副词可以用“介词 + 关系代词”来替换。 when = at/in/on + which; where = at/in/on + which; why = for which。 关系代词whose也可用“of + which/whom”来替换。
4. 含有固定搭配的动词短语,由于其关系紧密,不宜拆分,所以不能将介词置于关系代词之前。这类常见的动词短语主要有: look after, take care of, look forward to, listen to, look at, look into, run across, depend on, pay attention to, break into等。
5. 介词短语在定语从句中作表语,构成“主系表”结构时,不能将介词提到关系代词前。这类介词短语主要有: be for, be against, be after, be with等。
追踪练习:
1. (2010浙江) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of______left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A. whom B. which C. them D. those
答案: A。 句意:这个定居点是将近1000人的家园,他们中的许多人为了过上更好的生活离开农村老家来到这座城市。本题考查“代词 + of + 关系代词”引导的非限定性定语从句,先行词是people, 指人,只有whom符合条件。 which指物, them与those不能引导定语从句,故排除。
2. (2000上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,______was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
答案: B。 本题考查“the + 名词 + of + 关系代词”, the price of which指代the price of the vase, 答案也可以是whose price。
3. (2009陕西) Gun control is a subject______Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which
答案: C。 从句中的动词与介词构成固定搭配“argue about sth. 争论某事”。
4. (2008湖南) The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,______are beyond our control.
A. most of them B. most of which
C. most of what D. most of that
答案: B。 本题考查“代词 + of + 关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。关系代词不能用what或that, 故排除C和D。 若选A, 要在most of them前加and, 构成并列句。
5. (2005全国I) I have many friends,______some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
答案: D。 相当于some of the friends.