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英国对外贸易的92％(按重量计)是通过港口进行运输的。作为一个老牌航海国家,英国拥有众多的海港,其所有制形式主要有四种。80年代初以前,英国港口的三分之一,包括许多大港,由国家部门管理,这些部门为英国港口委员会(BTDB)、英国水路委员会(BWB)及英国铁路委员会(BRB),其中BTDB拥有英国的最大港口。此为第一种形式。大多数的英国港口属“港口托拉斯”拥有及管理。港口托拉斯是根据国会立法而建立起来的、自主自律的法人。此为第二种形式。有些港口由市政府拥有并管理,此为第三种形式。第四种所有制形式为港口公司,港口公司是根据英国公司法或地方议会立法而建立起来的,其资本为广大股东所有,股东参与任命董事会成员,1979年前港口公司很少拥有大港口。 1979年,坚信市场经济力量的撒切尔夫人保守党政府上台执政,开始致力于削减国有产业规模,政府执行私有化计划。
Ninety-two percent (by weight) of Britain’s foreign trade is shipped through ports. As a veteran sailing country, Britain has a large number of seaports, and its ownership forms are mainly four kinds. Before the early 1980s, one third of the ports in the United Kingdom, including many major ports, were governed by the national authorities: the British Ports Board (BTDB), the British Waterways Board (BWB) and the British Railroad Board (BRB), of which BTDB owns the United Kingdom The largest port. This is the first form. Most British ports are owned and managed by Port Trust. Port Trust is an autonomous, self-regulating legal entity established under the laws of the National Assembly. This is the second form. Some ports are owned and managed by the municipal government, which is the third form. The fourth form of ownership is a port company, which is established under British company law or local council legislation. Its capital is owned by a majority of shareholders. Shareholders participate in the appointment of members of the board. Prior to 1979, seaports rarely owned large ports. In 1979, the Conservative government of Thatcher, who was firmly convinced of the market economy, came to power and began working to reduce the size of state-owned industries and the government’s privatization plan.