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[目的]了解海南某海水浴场水质变化规律及微生物指标的可能相关因素,为海水浴场环境监管提供依据。[方法]于2013—2014年5—11月于该浴场近岸点、浴者密度最大点及浴场最远点,每周一次采集水样,共162份。进行采样现场即时降雨量、水温、透明度、溶解氧、粪大肠菌群的检测;于2014年6月(丰水期)及10月(平水期)于近岸点的潮上带、潮间带和潮下带采集沉积物及近岸区的水样,各18份,进行粪大肠菌群和粪肠球菌的检测。各指标组间进行t检验、方差分析或Pearson相关分析。[结果]该浴场两年度在所监测时段水质为优级。2014年水质总体较2013年好:两年度粪大肠菌群含量分别为(108.1±67.2)、(64.4±20.8)cfu/L;透明度分别为(7.95±2.52)、(9.49±0.92)m。近岸点水样溶解氧含量低于浴者密度最大点(P=0.019)及浴场最远点(P=0.049)。丰水期水体透明度大于平水期(P<0.001)。粪大肠群与透明度(r=-0.381,P<0.001)、溶解氧(r=-0.235,P=0.003)均呈负相关,与水温及即时降雨量不相关(P>0.05)。粪大肠菌群及粪肠球菌含量在潮上带沉积物中较高,分别为19 000、300 cfu/kg。[结论]该浴场水质有提升,监测水体透明度可一定程度指示该浴场细菌的含量。潮上带粪大肠菌群及粪肠球菌均较高,应该加强对浴场沉积物及沙滩的微生物检测。
[Objective] The research aimed to understand the variation regularity of water quality and the relevant factors of microbial index in a beach in Hainan, and provide the basis for the environmental regulation of the beach. [Method] From January to November in 2013-2014, a total of 162 nearshore spots were collected from the nearshore, the highest point of bath density and the furthest point of the bathing beach. The real-time rainfall, water temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen and fecal coliform were detected on the sampling site. In the tide zone and tidal zone at the nearshore points in June 2014 (wet season) and October (flat water period) And the subtidal zone collected sediment and water samples of the coastal zone, each 18, for fecal coliform and Enterococcus faecalis detection. Each index group t test, analysis of variance or Pearson correlation analysis. [Result] The water quality of the bathing ground was excellent during the two years of monitoring. The overall water quality in 2014 was better than that in 2013: the fecal coliforms contents in the two years were (108.1 ± 67.2) and (64.4 ± 20.8) cfu / L, respectively; the transparency were (7.95 ± 2.52) and (9.49 ± 0.92) m respectively. The dissolved oxygen content of water samples near shore was lower than the maximum density of bathing body (P = 0.019) and the farthest point of bathing beach (P = 0.049). During the wet season, the transparency of the water body was greater than that of the flat water (P <0.001). Fecal colorectal flora was negatively correlated with transparency (r = -0.381, P <0.001) and dissolved oxygen (r = -0.235, P = 0.003), but not with water temperature and instant rainfall (P> 0.05). Fecal coliform and Enterococcus faecalis contents were higher in the tidal zone sediments, which were 19 000 and 300 cfu / kg, respectively. [Conclusion] The water quality of this bathing ground improved. Monitoring the transparency of the water body could indicate the content of bacteria in the bathing ground to some extent. On the tide, fecal coliform bacteria and Enterococcus faecalis were high, and microbial tests on sediment and beach in the beach should be strengthened.