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在盆栽条件下利用~(1)N示踪物——(~(15)NH_4)_2SO_4,Ca(~(15)NO_3)_2及~(15)NH_4NO_3与NH_4~(15)NO_3研究苹果植株对不同形态氮肥的吸收、运转特性及不同季节的吸~(15)N特性。结果表明在分别施用Ca(~(15)NO_3)_2、(~(15)NH_4)_2SO_4及~(15)NH_4NO_3时,植株的吸~(15)N量除根系外,以(~(15)NH_4)_2SO_4最多。但是采用同一形态~(15)N肥标记不同离子(~(15)NH_4NO_3与NH_4~(15)NO_3)的示踪物作试验时,植株吸收的~(15)N量,不论是春季还是夏季均是~(15)NO_3—N高于~(15)NH_4—N。~(15)NH_4—N分配到枝、干与根系中的量比~(15)NO_3—N少30～40%新梢与叶片中的~(15)N量随季节的不同而不同,春季二者差异小,约少10～20%,夏季差异增大,分别少70%与40%。不同季节~(15)N的运转方向不同,但不同形态~(15)N的运转规律是一致的。春季主要运向叶片,新梢、细根等新生器官,枝、干中的~(15)N量仅占叶片的5%,夏季根系与枝、干的~(15)N量显著上升,约比春季增加100～150%,而叶片中~(15)N量显著下降,尤为中、短梢上的叶与春季相比下降85%左右。说明春追氮利于叶片、新梢等新生器官的建造,夏追氮则利于根系的第二次生长及枝、干的加粗生长与芽的分化。本文为进一步揭示NH_4—N与NO_3—N作氮源时,对苹果树生长发育过程中物质代谢与植株形态的相互作用的研究打下了基础。
The effects of (-1) N tracer - (~ (15) NH_4) _2SO_4, Ca (~ (15) NO_3) _2 and ~ (15) NH_4NO_3 and NH_4 ~ (15) NO_3 Absorption and Operating Characteristics of Different Forms of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Suction (15) N Characteristics in Different Seasons. The results showed that except for the root system, the uptake of (15) N in the plants was significantly higher than that in the (~ (15) NH_4NO_3 and ~ (15) NH_4) _2SO_4 up to. However, the amount of ~ (15) N absorbed by plants with the same form of ~ (15) N fertilizer labeled with different ions (~ (15) NH_4NO_3 and NH_4 ~ (15) NO_3), both in spring and summer All of them were ~ (15) NO_3-N higher than ~ (15) NH_4-N. The content of ~ (15) N in shoots and leaves varied from season to season when the content of ~ (15) NH_4-N in shoots, stems and roots was 30 ~ 40% less than ~ (15) NO_3- The difference between the two is small, about 10 ~ 20% less, summer differences increased by 70% and 40% respectively. Different seasons ~ (15) N run in different directions, but different forms of ~ (15) N operating law is consistent. The amount of N in leaves, shoots and fine roots of spring branches, stems and stems accounted for only 5% of the leaves in spring and the amount of N in stems, branches and stems increased significantly in summer and about 100 ~ 150% more than that of spring, while the amount of ~ (15) N in leaves decreased significantly, especially the leaves on short shoots decreased by about 85% compared with that in spring. The results showed that the growth of branches and shoots was facilitated by the growth of branches and shoots. This article laid the foundation for further revealing the interaction between NH_4-N and NO_3-N as a nitrogen source on the interaction between plant metabolism and plant morphology during the growth and development of apple trees.