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【Abstract】Since different countries have different histories and cultures, there are a lot of differences in the habit of conducts and the ceremony, especially between China and the West, the jokes and the mistakes caused by misunderstanding is not unusual. This shows that the understanding of the different etiquettes between Chinese and the Westerners is absolutely necessary. Along with the constant development of Chinese culture and the Western culture, Chinese ritual and the Western ritual are fusions. The Westerners have accepted the reasonable factors in Chinese culture and other important feelings. Chinese people have gradually accepted the advanced civilization of the Western culture and etiquette style. The paper explores the differences between Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette to make Chinese communicate with the Westerners more easily.
【Key words】Etiquette; comparison; Chinese etiquette; the Western etiquette.
There are two main differences between Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette.
A. The Impact of the Western Culture and Chinese Culture on Etiquette Chinese and the Westerners have different cultural backgrounds.
1. The Impact of Different Modes of Social Interaction on Etiquette Chinese cultures and the Western cultures have attached great importance to interpersonal relationship. However, they were clearly different in exchanging ideas. Chinese are very warm and hospitable, which contained in relationships, being not seemed to be preserved. It is granted to understand the age, occupation, income, marital status, children and other issues with each other. The Westerners will generally not do like that. Chinese will ask the price of goods which is bought by others directly. In the eyes of Chinese people, the price is only for items or rank.
2. The Differences between the Personal Philosophies of Etiquette Chinese and the Westerners have differences between the personal philosophies of etiquette.
(1) Individualism of the West and Modesty of China.The Westerners are proud of the achievements of individuals. They never cover up their self-confidence, and are always proud of the accomplishment and the ecstasy of themselves. Conversely, the promotion of Chinese culture does not flaunt personal honor. Generally, Chinese people usually oppose or defy the people who are proud of themselves.
(2) Self-centered and Selfless Education. The Westerners have a strong sense of independence and self-center. But the Chinese are weaker than the Westerners. In Europe, One should be responsible for himself. In the Western society, every one’s quality of life and survival depends on their ability. Therefore, each person must be self-struggle and put personal interests to the first place. They are not accustomed to caring for others, helping others or talking about the affairs of others.
B. A Comparison of Chinese Etiquette Education and the Western Etiquette Education.
Etiquette is the common wealth of the Western civilization and Chinese civilization. Etiquette education is an important part of citizenship education. Deeply analyzing the content, the method and the status of Chinese etiquette education and the Western countries’ etiquette education,enhance the quintessence of world civilization and the civic quality. Education has important practical and theoretic significance.
1. Etiquette Education in the Western Countries
Etiquette education in the Western countries is the
combination of etiquette education and civic moral education; etiquette education in the Western countries is the combination of etiquette education and moral education of school ceremonies.
(1) The Combination of Etiquette Education and Civic
Moral Education The concept of the Western word “citizen” originated in the ancient Greek political life of city-states. The concept of Citizens not showed only the person’s position and status, but they are also called “noble person” and “a moral person”. In the thirteenth to the fourteenth century, the independent and self-governing campaign of European cities promoted the development of cities. Under the control of “Charter of cities”, a general sense of “civic” has been made in the development of civic virtue. With the raise of modern Western society and the establishment of the social contract theory, members of society changed from the natural person to citizenship. The requirement of civil rights came out. Focusing on protecting individual rights and the pursuit of the public interest, it has created a variety of moral behavior. These really relied immediately on the strength of the system and derived from the social relations of civil society.
(2) The Combination of Etiquette Education and Moral Education of School Ceremonies
It can be found in moral education of the Western countries that etiquette is the major subject of moral education. On the moral lesson in many countries, people often teach students the etiquette knowledge in direct way. This is not a boring sermon. It uses lively and diverse forms, with the characteristics of youth, living with the practical teaching, paying attention to the cultivation of the ability of students to observe and analyze ethical issues and understand others, to benefit the people to be responsible for the moral values and make sense of responsibility to society.
2. Etiquette Education in China .Etiquette education in China is deeply influenced by cultural and moral decency in the prominent position; etiquette education in China emphasizes the moral law of etiquette education and the integration of practice; etiquette education in China shows characteristics of a strong state intervention.
(1) Deeply influenced by cultural, moral decency in the prominent position China was deeply affected by the Confucian culture. They also attached a great importance to moral education. The government put great emphasis on the education of social norms, moral responsibility, racial harmony and loyalty to the state education. They pay attention to the moral and ethical values of traditional education. They consider traditional moral values as a shield against the negative effects of Western culture. They write Confucian ethics into textbooks. The unique culture traditions and etiquette education model have been formed. In addition, the history of China is mostly influenced by Confucianism.
(2) Emphasizing the Moral Law of Etiquette Education,and the Integration of Practice. They are fully aware that to develop civic virtues is a long process that needs to imperceptibly accumulate. Thus moral education should be started from the youths and progressed by practice. China attaches importance to moral behavior in the practice of their ideological and moral formation of the role. They pay attention to moral education and ability training from the simple personal pursuit to the focus on predicting development to meet the needs of modern society and the basic moral caliber. The practice of moral education in China attaches great importance to social practice in the role during the ideological formation. They believe that students should not only grasp the knowledge of the system in classrooms, but also should have a personal ability to practice. They highlight the stages of moral development of students in teaching in China.
Conclusion: From the discussion above, we can see there are three main differences between Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette. The first one is different origins of Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette. In China, etiquette is equal to courtesy and ceremony. In the West, the word ‘etiquette’ used to mean “keep off the grass”. The second one is the differences of cultural backgrounds. The third one is the differences of educations.
In modern society, it seems that the world is getting smaller and smaller, people are very active with frequent exchanges. Human decency plays the basic role of social ethics. The international etiquette combines ritual characteristics of various countries and people and can be understood by the people of different countries and nations. International etiquette can be shared by more and more people of different countries, because etiquette itself is a cultural phenomenon. Therefore, many countries are paying great attention to combining international etiquette with national etiquette creatively. This means that etiquette in the Western and Chinese society is in a more appropriate location.
【Works Cited】
[1]Byram, M. Foreign Language Education and Culture Studies. Language and Culture, 1997.
[2]孙爱珍,中西方礼仪文化的差异[J]. 山西教育学院学报,
2002,(4)。
[3]Jeremy Harmer. The Practice of English Language Teaching. Longman,1991.
[4]刑东,中美文化差异[M]. 北京:北京大学出版社,1997。
[5]Thomas,J.M.An Introduction to Pragmatics. www.51lunwen.com New York: Longman, 1995.
[6]波斯特,西方礼仪集粹[M]. 北京:三联书店,1991。
[7]邓惠,论中西方文化对礼仪的影响[J].沿海企业与科技,2005,(8)。
【Key words】Etiquette; comparison; Chinese etiquette; the Western etiquette.
There are two main differences between Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette.
A. The Impact of the Western Culture and Chinese Culture on Etiquette Chinese and the Westerners have different cultural backgrounds.
1. The Impact of Different Modes of Social Interaction on Etiquette Chinese cultures and the Western cultures have attached great importance to interpersonal relationship. However, they were clearly different in exchanging ideas. Chinese are very warm and hospitable, which contained in relationships, being not seemed to be preserved. It is granted to understand the age, occupation, income, marital status, children and other issues with each other. The Westerners will generally not do like that. Chinese will ask the price of goods which is bought by others directly. In the eyes of Chinese people, the price is only for items or rank.
2. The Differences between the Personal Philosophies of Etiquette Chinese and the Westerners have differences between the personal philosophies of etiquette.
(1) Individualism of the West and Modesty of China.The Westerners are proud of the achievements of individuals. They never cover up their self-confidence, and are always proud of the accomplishment and the ecstasy of themselves. Conversely, the promotion of Chinese culture does not flaunt personal honor. Generally, Chinese people usually oppose or defy the people who are proud of themselves.
(2) Self-centered and Selfless Education. The Westerners have a strong sense of independence and self-center. But the Chinese are weaker than the Westerners. In Europe, One should be responsible for himself. In the Western society, every one’s quality of life and survival depends on their ability. Therefore, each person must be self-struggle and put personal interests to the first place. They are not accustomed to caring for others, helping others or talking about the affairs of others.
B. A Comparison of Chinese Etiquette Education and the Western Etiquette Education.
Etiquette is the common wealth of the Western civilization and Chinese civilization. Etiquette education is an important part of citizenship education. Deeply analyzing the content, the method and the status of Chinese etiquette education and the Western countries’ etiquette education,enhance the quintessence of world civilization and the civic quality. Education has important practical and theoretic significance.
1. Etiquette Education in the Western Countries
Etiquette education in the Western countries is the
combination of etiquette education and civic moral education; etiquette education in the Western countries is the combination of etiquette education and moral education of school ceremonies.
(1) The Combination of Etiquette Education and Civic
Moral Education The concept of the Western word “citizen” originated in the ancient Greek political life of city-states. The concept of Citizens not showed only the person’s position and status, but they are also called “noble person” and “a moral person”. In the thirteenth to the fourteenth century, the independent and self-governing campaign of European cities promoted the development of cities. Under the control of “Charter of cities”, a general sense of “civic” has been made in the development of civic virtue. With the raise of modern Western society and the establishment of the social contract theory, members of society changed from the natural person to citizenship. The requirement of civil rights came out. Focusing on protecting individual rights and the pursuit of the public interest, it has created a variety of moral behavior. These really relied immediately on the strength of the system and derived from the social relations of civil society.
(2) The Combination of Etiquette Education and Moral Education of School Ceremonies
It can be found in moral education of the Western countries that etiquette is the major subject of moral education. On the moral lesson in many countries, people often teach students the etiquette knowledge in direct way. This is not a boring sermon. It uses lively and diverse forms, with the characteristics of youth, living with the practical teaching, paying attention to the cultivation of the ability of students to observe and analyze ethical issues and understand others, to benefit the people to be responsible for the moral values and make sense of responsibility to society.
2. Etiquette Education in China .Etiquette education in China is deeply influenced by cultural and moral decency in the prominent position; etiquette education in China emphasizes the moral law of etiquette education and the integration of practice; etiquette education in China shows characteristics of a strong state intervention.
(1) Deeply influenced by cultural, moral decency in the prominent position China was deeply affected by the Confucian culture. They also attached a great importance to moral education. The government put great emphasis on the education of social norms, moral responsibility, racial harmony and loyalty to the state education. They pay attention to the moral and ethical values of traditional education. They consider traditional moral values as a shield against the negative effects of Western culture. They write Confucian ethics into textbooks. The unique culture traditions and etiquette education model have been formed. In addition, the history of China is mostly influenced by Confucianism.
(2) Emphasizing the Moral Law of Etiquette Education,and the Integration of Practice. They are fully aware that to develop civic virtues is a long process that needs to imperceptibly accumulate. Thus moral education should be started from the youths and progressed by practice. China attaches importance to moral behavior in the practice of their ideological and moral formation of the role. They pay attention to moral education and ability training from the simple personal pursuit to the focus on predicting development to meet the needs of modern society and the basic moral caliber. The practice of moral education in China attaches great importance to social practice in the role during the ideological formation. They believe that students should not only grasp the knowledge of the system in classrooms, but also should have a personal ability to practice. They highlight the stages of moral development of students in teaching in China.
Conclusion: From the discussion above, we can see there are three main differences between Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette. The first one is different origins of Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette. In China, etiquette is equal to courtesy and ceremony. In the West, the word ‘etiquette’ used to mean “keep off the grass”. The second one is the differences of cultural backgrounds. The third one is the differences of educations.
In modern society, it seems that the world is getting smaller and smaller, people are very active with frequent exchanges. Human decency plays the basic role of social ethics. The international etiquette combines ritual characteristics of various countries and people and can be understood by the people of different countries and nations. International etiquette can be shared by more and more people of different countries, because etiquette itself is a cultural phenomenon. Therefore, many countries are paying great attention to combining international etiquette with national etiquette creatively. This means that etiquette in the Western and Chinese society is in a more appropriate location.
【Works Cited】
[1]Byram, M. Foreign Language Education and Culture Studies. Language and Culture, 1997.
[2]孙爱珍,中西方礼仪文化的差异[J]. 山西教育学院学报,
2002,(4)。
[3]Jeremy Harmer. The Practice of English Language Teaching. Longman,1991.
[4]刑东,中美文化差异[M]. 北京:北京大学出版社,1997。
[5]Thomas,J.M.An Introduction to Pragmatics. www.51lunwen.com New York: Longman, 1995.
[6]波斯特,西方礼仪集粹[M]. 北京:三联书店,1991。
[7]邓惠,论中西方文化对礼仪的影响[J].沿海企业与科技,2005,(8)。