20世纪早期内蒙古经历三次自治运动,第一次是清末的反放垦、反设县运动,主体是蒙古农牧民;第二次是北洋时期的一系列自治运动,主体是封建王公,目标是维护王公传统的封建特权;第三次运动是30年代的百灵庙高度自治运动,内蒙古社会各阶层都投入到这次运动中,目标则是争取民族自治,建立自治政府。随着三次运动的逐步展开,蒙古族对蒙古民族意识和中华民族意识有了清晰的认识,增强了对中华民族的认同,在维护国家统一的前提下积极争取民族自治权,为后来我国民族区域自治制度的创建进行了有益的探索。 In the early 20th century, Inner Mongolia experienced three autonomous movements. The first was the anti-reclamation and reclamation and anti-county movement in late Qing Dynasty, with the main body being Mongolian herdsmen and herdsmen. The second was a series of autonomy movements during the Northern Period with the main feudal princes The third movement is the Brahmin Temple’s high degree of autonomy in the 1930s. All walks of life in Inner Mongolia are devoted to this campaign. The goal is to strive for national autonomy and establish an autonomous government. With the gradual unfolding of the three movements, the Mongolians have a clear understanding of the Mongolian national consciousness and the Chinese nation awareness, enhanced their recognition of the Chinese nation, actively sought national autonomy under the precondition of safeguarding national unification, The establishment of the system of self-government conducted a useful exploration.