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在含水及不稳定的岩层中的井巷掘进时,最大的困难,就是在岩层中总是或多或少含有水分。在粘土或乾的砂子的岩层含有水分的话,就常常使工作变得非常难于进行,而需要采用各种特殊的有时是非常复杂的掘进方法。在困难条件下,根据所穿过岩层的物理机械性质来选定掘进井巷的方法;因而有必要予先地以及尽可能更全面地研究这些岩层的物理机械性是非常明显的,因为如果判断错误和不正确地选定掘进方法,就将会引起多余的资金消耗和时间的浪费,甚至造成事故。在复杂松软不稳定的含水岩层中掘进井巷,必须采用特殊方法。以前常用下列方法来进行:1.板桩法,2.沉井法;
The greatest difficulty in tunneling wells in watery and unstable formations is that water is always more or less contained in the rock. The presence of moisture in the rock formation of clay or dry sand often makes the work extremely difficult to do and requires the use of a variety of special and sometimes complex tunneling methods. Under difficult conditions, the method of tunneling is chosen according to the physical and mechanical properties of the rock strata being traversed; it is therefore necessary to study the physical mechanics of these strata both beforehand and as fully as possible because, if judged Erroneous and improper choice of driving methods, it will cause unnecessary waste of funds and time, or even cause an accident. In complicated and instable water-bearing strata in tunneling, we must adopt a special method. Previously used the following methods: 1 sheet pile method, 2. Caisson method;