基于淮河流域18个分区1953～2007年主汛期(6～8月)降水资料,采用Z指数法、数理统计方法和经验正交函数分解(EOF)研究了淮河流域洪涝的时间分布规律及空间分布特征。结果表明,淮河流域汛期各月发生洪涝几率的趋势变化不显著,但6、7月发生洪涝的几率比8月大;6月在1988后发生重涝、大涝频率较1988年前明显增加;6、8月发生洪涝事件主周期较长,分别为11、10年,7月较短为3年,7月需注意旱涝急转;淮河流域洪涝类型主要为流域一致型,即梅雨型洪涝,洪涝中心在润河集至蚌埠区间;淮河流域洪涝空间分布特征受地形、地貌的影响,西南山区汛期发生洪涝的可能性比西北平原大,西南部洪涝中心位于大别山的腹地横排头附近。 Based on the precipitation data from 1853 to 2007 during the main flood season from June to August in 18 subregions of Huaihe River basin, the time distribution and spatial distribution of floods in the Huaihe River Basin were studied using Z-index, mathematical statistics and empirical orthogonal function decomposition (EOF) feature. The results show that there is no significant change in the probability of occurrence of floods in the Huaihe River basin during each flood season, but the incidence of floods in June and July is larger than that in August. The flood and flood occurred in June after 1988, In June and August, the main flood periods occurred were 11 and 10 years, respectively, and July was shorter for 3 years. In July, flood and drought were expected to change sharply. The main types of floods in the Huaihe River Basin are the same type of catchment, ie, Meiyu type floods The flood distribution center is in the range of Runheji to Bengbu. The spatial distribution of floodplain in the Huaihe River Basin is affected by the topography and landform. The probability of flood in the southwest mountainous area is greater than that in the northwestern plain and the flood center in the southwest is located near the horizontal row head in the hinterland of the Dabie Mountains.