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目的:了解绝经、文化程度、职业、工作性质对40岁以上妇女的消化、循环、运动系统一些常见疾病的影响。方法:在广州市按分层抽样的方法收集40岁以上妇女1 090名进行问卷调查和体检。结果:绝经前组的平均初潮年龄、孕、产次分别为14岁、2次、1次,绝经后组的是15岁、4次、4次,绝经前组的身高、体重大于绝经后组;绝经前组在患肝炎、糖尿病、骨折、胆囊炎、高血压、冠心病、关节痛方面与绝经后组患同类疾病的比例有显著差异,P<0.05;办公室职员或从事脑力、轻体力者,肝炎、胆囊炎、围绝经期症状、腰痛发生机会较高,P<0.05。结论:绝经后妇女患肝炎、糖尿病、骨折、胆囊炎、高血压、冠心病、关节痛的机会增加,40岁以上文化程度高的妇女,胆囊炎、围绝经期症状、腰痛发生机会较高。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the effects of menopause, education level, occupation and nature of work on some common diseases of digestive, circulatory and motor system in women over 40 years old. Methods: A total of 1,090 women over the age of 40 were collected by questionnaire and physical examination in Guangzhou by stratified sampling. Results: The average menarche age, pregnancy and birth were 14 years old, 2 times and 1 time respectively. The menopause group was 15 years old, 4 times and 4 times. The height and weight of premenopausal group were higher than that of menopause group ; Premenopausal group in the risk of hepatitis, diabetes, fracture, cholecystitis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, joint pain and the proportion of patients with similar diseases in the postmenopausal group had significant differences, P <0.05; office workers or engaged in mental, light physical , Hepatitis, cholecystitis, perimenopausal symptoms, low back pain occurred more often, P <0.05. Conclusions: The chances of postmenopausal women suffering from hepatitis, diabetes, fracture, cholecystitis, hypertension, coronary heart disease and arthralgia increase. Women with high education over the age of 40 have higher chances of cholecystitis, perimenopausal symptoms and low back pain.