改革开放前,我国城乡差别已较大,但呈现出缓慢缩小态势;改革开放后,城乡差别一度有所改善,总体上呈现出先缩小后扩大的变动轨迹。这与体制改革的阶段性推进紧密相关。分解分析表明,从1988—1999年,城乡差别对全国居民总体收入差别的贡献率平均超过了50%,而对同期总体收入差别增量的贡献为80%以上。因此,城乡差别已经成为影响全国居民总体收入差别及其变动的主要因素。缩小城乡差别的关键在于尽快打破城乡壁垒,促进农村经济的快速发展。 Before the reform and opening up, the difference between urban and rural areas in our country was larger, but showed a slowly narrowing trend. After the reform and opening up, the urban-rural differences were somewhat improved at first, showing a path of change that expanded first and then expanded. This is closely related to the phased advancement of the system reform. Decomposition analysis shows that from 1988 to 1999, the contribution rate of urban-rural disparity to the overall income disparity of residents nationwide has exceeded 50% on average, while it has contributed over 80% of the incremental increase of total income over the same period. Therefore, the difference between urban and rural areas has become the main factor affecting the overall income difference and its changes across the country. The key to narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas lies in breaking down barriers between urban and rural areas as soon as possible and promoting the rapid development of rural economy.