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加油站VOCs排放是北京市VOCs的主要来源之一,中国、美国环保署、欧洲环境署加油环节的未控制排放因子(UEF)分别是加州空气资源委员会(CARB)加油UEF(1 008 mg·L-1)的2.16、1.31和1.00倍,中国20年来汽油标准发生了变化,急需开展加油VOCs排放因子本地化研究.本研究对比发现欧盟加油排放因子测试方法比CARB简单易操作,借鉴欧盟方法加工了加油VOCs排放因子测试装置,并在北京市某加油站的美国加油油气回收系统(StageⅡ)开展加油VOCs排放因子测试.结果表明:1针对试验油箱,冬夏季加油油气回收效率分别是气液比(A/L)的0.93和0.83倍,夏季加油排放因子大于冬季,且回收效率小于冬季;2针对社会车辆,A/L=0时冬夏季加油UEF分别为(525±42)mg·L-1和(963±174)mg·L-1,分别是CARB加油UEF的0.52倍和0.95倍,冬夏季在A/L为1.05~1.07时的排放因子平均值分别为(55±30)mg·L-1和(112±108)mg·L-1;3选取无油气回收时社会车辆加油UEF作为北京市冬夏季加油UEF,结合试验油箱建立的冬夏季排放因子与A/L的线性方程,计算有油气回收时不同A/L的排放因子.
The emission of VOCs at gas stations is one of the main sources of VOCs in Beijing. The uncontrolled emission factors (UEFs) of China, the United States EPA and the European Environment Agency (CNE) at the fueling stage are as follows: The California Air Resources Board (CARB) refueling UEF (1 008 mg · L -1) of 2.16, 1.31 and 1.00 times, China 20 years gasoline standards have changed, the urgent need to carry out fuel VOCs emission factor localization research.The study found that the EU fuel factor emission factor test method is easier to operate than the CARB, drawing on the EU method of processing The testing equipment of VOCs emission factor and the emission factor test of VOCs in a refueling gas recovery system (Stage II) of a gas station in Beijing were carried out.The results show that: 1 for the test fuel tank, the recovery efficiency of gas refueling in winter and summer are: gas-liquid ratio (A / L) of 0.93 and 0.83 times, respectively, and the emission factor of summer refueling was higher than that of winter and the recovery efficiency was less than that of winter. 2 For the social vehicles, the UEF refueling rates in winter and summer were (525 ± 42) mg · L- 1 and (963 ± 174) mg · L-1, respectively, were 0.52 times and 0.95 times that of CARB refueling UEF respectively. The average emission factors for winter / summer at A / L 1.05-1.07 were (55 ± 30) mg · L-1 and (112 ± 108) mg · L-1; 3, no oil and gas recovery Social vehicle refueling Beijing as summer and winter fuel UEF UEF, winter and summer binding test tank established emission factor and A / L of the linear equation, the different A / L emission factor on oil and gas recovery.