许多固体材料,如硅胶、水泥石、甚至卵石,凭我们的肉眼从宏观上看起来,它们都好象是坚密无缝的。然而,如果采用光学显微镜或电子显微镜把我们的视野从宏观带到细观或微观领域来观察它们,就会发现原来它们却是千疮百孔的。当材料内部的孔隙体积约大于其本身体积的15%(即孔隙率约大于15%)时,这种材料就属于多孔材料了。多孔材料内部孔 Many solid materials, such as silica gel, cement stone, and even pebbles, from our macroscopic point of view, all seem to be solid and seamless. However, if we use optical microscopy or electron microscopy to visualize our fields of vision from the macroscopic to the meso- or microscopic fields, we will find that they are riddled with holes. When the pore volume inside the material is greater than about 15% of its own volume (ie, the porosity is greater than about 15%), the material is a porous material. Porous material internal hole