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无论从交往行为理论的大背景看还是从普遍语用学小范围分析,有效性要求作为言语行为得以可能的重要基础,在哈贝马斯的社会批判理论中占有举足轻重的地位。文章主要探讨有效性要求理论提出的缘由、演进历程、基本内容以及有效性要求的兑现及其与若干模式的关系。此外,有效性要求理论主要存在4点不足:“类似”真实性问题、可理解性问题、理想的言说情境问题和有效性要求的多样性问题。
Whether viewed from the background of communicative action theory or from the narrow scope of ubiquitous pragmatics, the validity requirement as an important possible basis for speech act plays a decisive role in Habermas’s theory of social criticism. The article mainly discusses the reason, the evolution course, the basic content and the fulfillment of the validity requirements proposed by the validity requirement theory and its relations with several models. In addition, there are mainly four deficiencies in the theory of validity requirements: the issue of authenticity, comprehensibility, ideal speech context and validity requirements.