目的 探讨大肠镜在小儿外科的应用。方法 运用 Olympus PCF－ 20型小儿肠 镜诊断与治疗小儿大肠外科疾患 776例。结果 共诊治大肠息肉病 659例，其中幼年性大肠 息肉和幼年性息肉病 653例，内镜下 YAG激光摘除术或高频电凝切除治疗 325例，注射止血 剂后镜下摘除法治疗 328例，摘除息肉 391枚；诊断家族性息肉病 4例； Peutz－ Jeghers 综合征 2例，均在内镜下摘除息肉。诊断先天性巨结肠 42例，其中短段型 7例，常见型 32 例，长段型 3例，发现合并慢性结肠炎 32例，肠息肉 6例，肠虫病 2例。巨结肠术后随访 7例，发现皱襞样增生物并盲袋、吻合口肉芽肿、肛周脓肿并肛瘘各 1例。诊断肠套叠 75例 ，内镜下加压整复 70例，失败 5例。结论 大肠镜是诊断治疗小儿外科疾患的重要工具。 Objective To explore the application of colonoscopy in pediatric surgery. Methods The diagnosis and treatment of pediatric colorectal diseases by Olympus PCF - 20 pediatric colonoscopy in 776 cases. Results A total of 659 cases of colorectal polyps were diagnosed, including 653 cases of juvenile colorectal polyps and juvenile polyposis, 325 cases of endoscopic YAG laser ablation or high-frequency electrocoagulation resection, and 328 cases of endoscopic injection of hemostatic agents , Polyp removal of 391; diagnosis of familial polyposis in 4 cases; Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in 2 cases, were removed endoscopic polypectomy. 42 cases of Hirschsprung disease were diagnosed, of which 7 were short segment type, 32 were common type, 3 were long segment type. There were 32 cases with chronic colitis, 6 cases with intestinal polyps and 2 cases with intestinal worms. Hirschsprung was followed up in 7 cases and found that folds like hyperplasia and blind bags, anastomotic granuloma, perianal abscess and anal fistula in 1 case. Diagnosis of intussusception in 75 cases, 70 cases of endoscopic compression surgery, failure in 5 cases. Conclusion Colonoscopy is an important tool for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric surgical diseases.