目的了解桐乡市常见恶性肿瘤的危险因素。方法收集桐乡市恶性肿瘤1 154例,采用多病例组1∶1匹配的病例对照研究方法,利用多因素非条件Logistic回归模型分析桐乡市常见恶性肿瘤的危险因素。结果精神长期处于压抑状态或者经历精神创伤与肺癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、胃癌和乳腺癌的发病相关(OR=3.590、3.923、3.896、12.429和11.291)。肺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌和肝癌的共同危险因素有相关疾病史和肿瘤家族史。饮茶和多吃新鲜水果蔬菜是肺癌的保护因素(OR=0.569和3.161),而吸烟是肺癌和胃癌的危险因素(OR=3.826和5.699)。饮酒为结直肠癌和肝癌的危险因素(OR=3.593和5.316),而少吃烟熏食品则有利于预防结直肠癌的发生(OR=0.093)。结论吸烟、饮酒、饮食等生活方式,精神、心理因素、疾病史和肿瘤家族史等为桐乡市常见恶性肿瘤的危险因素。 Objective To understand the risk factors of common malignant tumors in Tongxiang City. Methods A total of 1 154 malignant tumors were collected from Tongxiang City. The case-control study was conducted in a multi-case group with a 1: 1 matching rate. The risk factors of common malignant tumors in Tongxiang were analyzed using multivariate non-conditional Logistic regression model. The results of the long-term depression or experiencing mental trauma associated with the incidence of lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer (OR = 3.590,3.923,3.896,12.429 and 11.291). Common risk factors for lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and liver cancer are related to disease history and family history of cancer. Drinking tea and eating more fresh fruits and vegetables are protective factors for lung cancer (OR = 0.569 and 3.161), while smoking is a risk factor for lung cancer and gastric cancer (OR = 3.826 and 5.699). Alcohol consumption was a risk factor for colorectal cancer and liver cancer (OR = 3.593 and 5.316), while eating smoked foods was beneficial for the prevention of colorectal cancer (OR = 0.093). Conclusion Smoking, drinking, diet and other lifestyle, mental and psychological factors, disease history and family history of cancer were common risk factors in Tongxiang.