多肽抗原需要与适当载体形成复合物才能诱导有效的免疫应答,但载体效应又难以避免。目前所用佐剂和连接方式很多,包括:将多肽抗原与BSA、KLH和HSP等蛋白偶联以多抗原肽(MAP)连接方式提高多肽的拷贝数和相对分子质量Mr与一些毒素偶联与树突状细胞(DC)共孵育以QS-21或QuilA为佐剂与其它多肽或MHC分子偶联形成复合物以含CpG基序的寡核苷酸为佐剂以HIV-1病毒M型的Tat第53～68、O-型的Tat第9～20和功能结构域Tat第21～40等多肽为佐剂以LTR192G制作的粘膜免疫佐剂等。此外,还在构建脂肽和免疫刺激复合物ISCOM等方面做了大量的探索,取得了一些成果,但效果却各说不一。特别是人用佐剂还有不少问题,制作T细胞疫苗或CTL疫苗的佐剂还需要做更多的工作。 Polypeptide antigens need to form complexes with appropriate carriers to induce an effective immune response, but the carrier effect is unavoidable. Currently used adjuvants and connections are many, including: the peptide antigen and BSA, KLH and HSP protein coupling  multiple antigen peptide (MAP) connection to improve the copy number of the polypeptide and the relative molecular mass Mr   and some toxins Coupling with dendritic cells (DCs) co-incubated with QS-21 or QuilA adjuvant  coupled with other peptides or MHC molecules to form complexes  CpG motifs containing oligonucleotides as adjuvants  With HIV-1 virus M TatUns 53 ~ 68 , O-type Tat 9 ~ 20  and functional domains Tat  21 ~ 40  and other peptides adjuvant  to LT  R192G  production Mucosal immune adjuvant and so on. In addition, a large amount of explorations have been made in the field of constructing lipopeptide and immunostimulating complexes such as ISCOM, and some achievements have been made, but the effects are different. There are many problems with human adjuvants, in particular, and more needs to be done to make adjuvants for T cell vaccines or CTL vaccines.