1病例资料某患儿,女,3岁,体质量17 kg,因“咳嗽4 d,发热3 d,肉眼血尿1 d”入院。入院前4 d患儿无明显诱因出现咳嗽,有痰、咳出困难,无发热、皮疹、呕吐、腹泻,无肉眼血尿,予小儿祛痰颗粒口服。入院前3 d患儿出现发热,体温最高38.1℃,每日1次热峰,于当地诊所肌肉注射退热药(具体不详)后体温可降至正常,无皮疹及关节肿痛。入院前1 d患儿仍有发热,咳嗽较前加重,故于 A case of a child, female, 3 years old, body weight 17 kg, due to “cough 4 d, fever 3 d, gross hematuria 1 d ” admission. 4 d before admission, no obvious incentive for children with cough, sputum, cough, fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, no gross hematuria, to expectorant particles in children oral. 3 days before admission, children with fever, body temperature up to 38.1 ℃, 1 hot peak daily, the local clinic intramuscular antipyretics (specific unknown) body temperature can be reduced to normal, no rash and joint swelling and pain. 1 d before admission, children still have fever, cough worse than before, so at