肉毒神经毒素 (BoNT)是厌氧梭菌产生的蛋白类外毒素 ,有A～G 7个血清型。它是目前自然界所发现的毒素 (包括化学毒物 )中毒性最强的物质。BoNT可引起严重的人类食物中毒 ,称为肉毒中毒 (botulism)。以气溶胶形式施放的BoNT ,可作为有效的生物毒素战剂 ,也是生物恐怖分子最有可能使用的生物恐怖病原之一。本文对BoNT的病原与流行病学、结构特征与作用方式、致病与临床症状、检测与医学防护等作一概述 Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a protein produced by Clostridium anaerobes exotoxin, A ~ G 7 serotypes. It is currently the most toxic substance found in nature (including chemical poisons). BoNT can cause severe human food poisoning, known as botulism. BoNT, administered as an aerosol, is an effective biotoxin agent and one of the most likely bioterror agents for bioterrorists. This article summarizes the etiology and epidemiology, structural characteristics and mode of action of BoNT, pathogenic and clinical symptoms, testing and medical protection