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文章以“像”组成的“NP1+像+NP2”和“NP+像+VP”两个构式为例,分析了以“像”为关系词的关联项的各种类型,得出关联项不同时“像”所表达的语义关系,分析出两种不同的演化路径。在“NP1+像+NP2”中,当关联项同类时,前关联项不能比后关联项更抽象,是基于说明的表达意图,演化路径为:形似→类似→推断。当关联项不同类时,后关联项不能比前关联项更抽象,是基于描绘的表达意图,演化路径为:形似→类似→比况。在“NP+像+VP”中,“像”作为副词表示推断时,其组成的构式由表达说明的“NP1+像+NP2”演化而来;“像”作为副词表示比况时,其组成的构式由表达描绘的“NP1+像+NP2”演化而来。文章最后探讨了部分归属于修辞层面的语言事实也可能存在于语言系统的中心位置的情况。
Taking the “NP1 + Image + NP2” and “NP + Image + VP” consisting of “Like ” as an example, this paper analyzes the relations between the “ Type, we can get two different evolution paths by analyzing the semantic relations expressed by ”Like“ when the related items are not at the same time. In ”NP1 + Image + NP2 “, when the related item is of the same type, the previous item can not be more abstract than the post-item, and is based on the intent of the expression. The path of evolution is: form similarity → similarity → inference. When the related items are different, the post-related items can not be more abstract than the previous related items, and are based on the expressed intention of the description. The evolution path is: the shape → the similarity → the specific condition. In ”NP + Like + VP “, ”Like “ as an adverb to indicate inference, the composition of the formula from the expression of ”NP1 + like + NP2 “ evolved; ”Like “ as an adverb When expressed as a ratio condition, the composition of its composition is expressed by the expression ”NP1 + Image + NP2" evolved. Finally, the article explores the fact that some of the linguistic facts at the rhetorical level may also exist at the center of the linguistic system.