目的:研究EB病毒(EBV)感染患儿免疫功能的状况及变化,探讨其与临床疾病的关系,为免疫调节治疗提供依据。方法:检测56例EBV感染患儿的免疫球蛋白水平、淋巴细胞亚群变化等,并与对照组20例同期健康儿童比较。结果:EBV感染可导致呼吸道感染、传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)、血液系统疾病、过敏性疾病、病毒性脑炎等多种疾病,其中以呼吸道感染为主。EBV感染时免疫球蛋白无明显变化(P>0.05);与对照组及呼吸道感染组相比,IM组CD3升高(P<0.05)、CD8明显升高(P<0.01)、CD56下降(P<0.05)、CD4明显下降(P<0.01);而呼吸道感染组与对照组比较上述指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:EBV感染在儿科疾病分布中以呼吸道感染为主,对T细胞亚群和NK细胞活性的影响以IM患儿最为明显。 Objective: To study the status and changes of immune function in children with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and to explore its relationship with clinical diseases, so as to provide basis for immunomodulatory therapy. Methods: Immunoglobulin levels and lymphocyte subsets in 56 children with EBV infection were detected and compared with 20 healthy children in the control group. Results: EBV infection can lead to respiratory tract infections, infectious mononucleosis (IM), hematological diseases, allergic diseases, viral encephalitis and other diseases, of which respiratory tract infection is the mainstay. Compared with control group and respiratory tract infection group, CD3 in IM group was increased (P <0.05), CD8 was significantly increased (P <0.01) and CD56 was decreased (P <0.05) <0.05) and CD4 (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the above indexes between the respiratory infection group and the control group (P> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: EBV infection is predominantly respiratory tract infection in pediatric disease distribution, with the most significant effect on T cell subsets and NK cell activity in children with IM.