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背景国外已有实验证明薰衣草精油和丁香精油有降低大鼠血压的作用,但国产薰衣草精油和丁香精油的降压作用及其作用机制还不清楚。目的观察薰衣草精油通过嗅觉通路对大鼠血压的影响并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法将40只SD大鼠随机分为薰衣草组(1%)、薰衣草组(1‰)、丁香组、蒸馏水组和空白组。MedLab6.0生物信号采集处理系统测量大鼠动脉血压100min,放免法测外周血神经肽Y(NPY)浓度,免疫组化观察脑组织γ氨基丁酸(GABA)的表达并进行灰度半定量分析。结果薰衣草组大鼠(1%)在100min内平均动脉压(MAP)下降(15.5±0.4)mmHg,薰衣草组(1‰)下降(4.7±0.2)mmHg,丁香组升高(1.7±0.3)mmHg,蒸馏水组下降(1.5±0.1)mmHg,空白组下降(0.7±0.1)mmHg。与蒸馏水组和空白组比较,薰衣草组(1%)MAP下降差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与蒸馏水组和空白组比较,薰衣草组(1%)神经肽Y浓度降低(P<0.05),其下丘脑室旁核GABA灰度值明显降低(P<0.05)。GABA灰度值与神经肽Y浓度呈显著相关(r=0.89,P<0.01)。结论薰衣草精油可以通过嗅觉途径作用于下丘脑室旁核,使外周交感神经末梢减少缩血管递质的释放而降低大鼠血压,且短期嗅觉吸入薰衣草精油是安全的。
Background Experiments abroad have proved that lavender essential oil and clove oil have the effect of lowering blood pressure in rats, but the antihypertensive effect of domestic lavender essential oil and clove essential oil and its mechanism are not clear. Objective To observe the effect of essential oil of lavender on the blood pressure of rats through the olfactory pathway and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into lavender group (1%), lavender group (1 ‰), clove group, distilled water group and blank group. MedLab6.0 biological signal acquisition and processing system measured rat arterial blood pressure for 100min, radioimmunoassay of peripheral neuropeptide Y (NPY) concentration, immunohistochemistry brain tissue GABA expression and gray-scale semi-quantitative analysis . Results The mean arterial pressure (MAP) of lavender group (1%) decreased (15.5 ± 0.4) mmHg within 100 min, decreased by 4.7 ± 0.2 mmHg for lavender group (1.7% ± 0.3) mmHg (1.5 ± 0.1) mmHg in distilled water group and 0.7 ± 0.1 mmHg in blank group. Compared with the distilled water group and the blank group, the difference of MAP in lavender group (1%) was statistically significant (P <0.05). Compared with distilled water group and blank group, the concentration of neuropeptide Y in lavender group (1%) was decreased (P <0.05), and the GABA gray value in paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus was significantly decreased (P <0.05). GABA gray value and neuropeptide Y concentration was significantly correlated (r = 0.89, P <0.01). Conclusion Lavender essential oil can act on the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus through the olfactory pathway, reducing the release of vasoconstrictor and decreasing the blood pressure in peripheral sympathetic nerve. Short-term olfactory inhalation of lavender essential oil is safe.