本文报道48例小儿原发性扩张型心肌病(DCM)的临床转归及治疗措施,经长期随访的35例中,死亡及恶化19例,占54.3％,示预后严重。死亡主要原因为心力衰竭,其次为恶性心律失常。认为早期诊断、早期治疗,坚持用地高辛、利尿剂及心肌营养药是改善本症预后的重要措施,并提出应用β-受体阻滞剂(美多心安)是治疗扩张型心肌病的新途径 This article reports 48 cases of children with primary dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) clinical outcome and treatment measures, long-term follow-up of 35 cases, 19 cases of death and deterioration, accounting for 54.3%, showing a serious prognosis. The main cause of death was heart failure, followed by malignant arrhythmias. That early diagnosis and early treatment, adhere to digoxin, diuretics and myocardial nutrition medicine is an important measure to improve the prognosis of this disease and proposed the use of β-blockers (Metoprolol) is the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy way