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测量气体体积(以测氢气为例),通常是在如下装置中进行(图1)。精确称取一定质量的镁条与过量的稀硫酸反应,置换出一定体积的氢气: Mg+H_2SO_4=MgSO_4+H_2↑ 反应前,量气管中注入适量的水,反应管底部注入稀硫酸,反应管上端放镁条(反应前,镁条与硫酸绝不允许接触)。在检查气密性后,将漏斗液面与量气管中液面调整至同一水平,读取量气管中水面读数Ⅴ_1 。然后使硫酸与镁条反应,产生氢气。反应完毕,再将漏斗液面与量气管中液面对齐,读取水面读数Ⅴ_2。(Ⅴ_2-Ⅴ_1)即为测量到的氢气的体积。
Measuring the gas volume (taking hydrogen as an example) is usually performed in the following devices (Figure 1). Accurately weigh a certain mass of magnesium bar with excess dilute sulfuric acid to displace a certain volume of hydrogen: Mg+H_2SO_4=MgSO_4+H_2↑ Before the reaction, inject proper amount of water into the gas pipe, and inject dilute sulfuric acid into the bottom of the reaction pipe. Put magnesium bar on top (before reaction, magnesium bar and sulfuric acid must not be allowed to contact). After checking the airtightness, adjust the level of the liquid in the funnel to the same level in the trachea and read the water level V_1 in the trachea. Sulfuric acid is then reacted with the magnesium bar to produce hydrogen gas. After the reaction is completed, the liquid level of the funnel is aligned with the liquid level in the gas pipe, and the water surface reading V_2 is read. (V_2-V_1) is the measured volume of hydrogen.