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对水萝卜雄性不育系小孢子发生的细胞形态学观察表明：小孢子败育是从小孢子母细胞开始的，在以后的各个时期均有细胞质液泡化表现。单核小孢子在发育过程中由于细胞质液泡化，不能为核有丝分裂提供能量，使小孢子停滞在单核期，最终消失。另外，绒毡层细胞质的液泡化也是小孢子败育的一个重要原因。
Morphological observation on microsporogenesis of male sterile lines of water radish showed that microspore abortion started from microspore mother cells and showed cytoplasmic vacuolization at later stages. Single-core microspores in the development process due to cytoplasmic vacuolization, can not provide energy for mitosis, the microspores stagnate in the mononuclear phase, and eventually disappear. In addition, the vacuolization of tapetum cytoplasm is also an important reason for microspore abortion.