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中小跨径桥梁刚度大、挠度小,因此对挠度测试精度要求高。对常见的位移计、水准仪和全站仪3种挠度测试仪器和方法进行了比较。分别采用理论和实测的方法定量地研究了这些测量方法的误差。研究表明:实测精度一般要比理论精度低5倍。从测试精度来说,位移计较高、水准仪次之、全站仪较低;从使用方便来说,则顺序正好相反,全站仪最方便,而位移计对环境要求较严格。因此,对于中小桥梁挠度测试,在条件允许搭设支架时应优先使用位移计,在无搭设支架条件时可以考虑使用水准仪,无法使用位移计和水准仪时再考虑采用全站仪,并应配合使用棱镜。
Small and medium span bridge stiffness, deflection is small, so the deflection test accuracy requirements. The common displacement meter, level and total station three deflection testing instruments and methods were compared. The errors of these measurement methods are quantitatively studied by theoretical and practical methods respectively. Research shows that: the measured accuracy is generally 5 times lower than the theoretical accuracy. From the test accuracy, the displacement meter is higher, the level of the second, the total station is lower; from the ease of use, the order is reversed, the total station most convenient, and the displacement of the more stringent environmental requirements. Therefore, the small and medium-sized bridge deflection test, in the conditions allowed to set up the stent should give priority to the use of displacement gauge, in the absence of setting conditions can be considered when using the gauge, can not use the displacement meter and then consider the total station using the instrument, and should be used with the prism .