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西德尼·戴维·甘博是美国社会经济学家和摄影家。1917年至1932年,他曾三次来到中国,以一个社会学家的角度拍下5000余张照片,记录了当时中国的社会生活。1919年五四运动前后,甘博恰巧在中国,拍下相关照片60余幅,记录了五四运动前中国庆祝一战胜利,五四运动中学生演讲、被捕、在总统府前抗议及11月29日北京学生为抗议“福州惨案”在天安门前集会等史实,留下宝贵的图像资料。这些照片不但可以直观地反映那段历史,更可以起到与文献史料相印证并补充史料的作用。目前甘博拍摄的有关五四运动的照片有些已经广为流传,有些却鲜为人知,有些甚至常常被人误用。本文试图结合史料对相关照片做一简要梳理,并对一些甘博记录有误的照片进行考辨。
Sidney David Gambo is a U.S. social economist and photographer. From 1917 to 1932, he came to China three times and took more than 5,000 photos from the perspective of a sociologist, recording the social life of China at the time. Before and after the May 19 Movement in 1919, Gamble happened to take more than 60 photos in China, recording the victory of China in celebrating the First World War before the May 4 Movement, the speech of the students in the May Fourth Movement, his arrest, the protest in front of the presidential palace and November On the 29th, Beijing students left a valuable image for the protest “Fuzhou massacre ” and other historical events such as rally in front of Tiananmen Square. These photos not only can directly reflect that period of history, but also serve to verify the historical documents and supplement the historical materials. At present, some photographs of the May 4th Movement by Gan Bo have been widely circulated, some are scarcely known, and some of them are often even misused. This article attempts to make a brief combing of the related photos with historical materials and make some tests on some photos that have been misbranded.