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旋光法和凯氏定氮法测定表明,叶籽银杏正常种子和叶生种子胚乳淀粉含量分别为63.22%和61.91%;蛋白质含量分别为11.35%和13.36%。SEM观察结果表明,叶籽银杏淀粉粒形状大多为球形和椭圆形,有A、B、C(大、中、小)3种类型。正常种子和叶生种子均含有A和B型淀粉粒,C型淀粉粒仅在叶生种子中发现。正常种子A型淀粉粒大小为14.28μm×11.96μm,长轴/短轴比为1.24;叶生种子分别为13.63μm×10.55μm和1.30。正常种子B型淀粉粒大小为8.29μm×7.28μm;叶生种子为8.90μm×7.68μm。叶生种子C型淀粉粒大小为2.07μm×1.84μm。与正常种子相比,叶生种子淀粉粒特点是大小不一,B型和C型淀粉粒明显可见以“出芽”方式从大淀粉粒上长出,淀粉粒间空隙大,基质蛋白丰富,淀粉粒上有凹陷区。淀粉粒类型、大小、形态和含量在不同单株间存在较大差异,不同单株的基质蛋白质存在较大差异,尤其在正常种子和叶生种子间淀粉粒和蛋白质相互连接方式及在淀粉粒上的分布差异明显。叶生种子淀粉含量低及形态多样性与其胚乳发育滞后、种粒小有关。对叶籽银杏淀粉粒的系统学意义进行了探讨。
Polarimetry and Kjeldahl determination showed that the starch content in the endosperm of normal and leaf seed of Ginkgo biloba was 63.22% and 61.91% respectively, and the protein contents were 11.35% and 13.36% respectively. The results of SEM showed that the shape of starch granules in leaves of Ginkgo biloba was mostly spherical and oval with three types of A, B and C (large, medium and small). Both normal seeds and leaf seeds contain type A and type B starch granules, type C starch granules are only found in leaf seeds. The size of A-type starch granules was 14.28μm × 11.96μm and the ratio of long axis to short axis was 1.24. The leaf seeds were 13.63μm × 10.55μm and 1.30 respectively. Normal seed B-type starch grain size of 8.29μm × 7.28μm; leaf seed is 8.90μm × 7.68μm. Leaf seed C-type starch grain size of 2.07μm × 1.84μm. Compared with the normal seeds, the starch granules in leaves were different in size. Type B and C starch granules were obviously grown in the form of “budding” from large starch granules with large interspaces of starch granules and abundant matrix protein Starch grain has a depression area. The types, sizes, morphologies and contents of starch granules vary greatly among different plants. There is a big difference in the matrix proteins of different plants, especially in the connection between starch granules and proteins in normal seeds and leaf seeds, The distribution of the difference is obvious. Leaf starch low starch content and morphological diversity of its endosperm lag, small seed. Systematic significance of starch gingko leaf starch was discussed.