Background::Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with 2% to 3% prevalence worldwide and a heavy social-psychological burden for patients and their families. As the exact pathogenesis of psoriasis is still unknown, the current treatment is far from satisfactory. Thus, there is an urgent need to find a more effective therapy for this disease. Keratin 17 (K17), a type I intermediate filament, is overexpressed in the psoriatic epidermis and plays a critical pathogenic role by stimulating T cells in psoriasis. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibiting K17 may be a potential therapeutic approach for psoriasis. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of K17-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) on mice with imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis.Methods::Eight-week-old female BALB/c mice were administered a 5% IMQ cream on both ears to produce psoriatic dermatitis. On day 3, K17 siRNA was mixed with an emulsion matrix and applied topically to the left ears of the mice after IMQ application every day for 7 days. The right ears of the mice were treated in parallel with negative control (NC) siRNA. Inflammation was evaluated by gross ear thickness, histopathology, the infiltration of inflammatory cells (CD3n + T cells and neutrophils) using immunofluorescence, and the expression of cytokine production using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The obtained data were statistically evaluated by unpaired n t-tests and a one-way analysis of variance.n Results::The severity of IMQ-induced dermatitis on K17 siRNA-treated mice ears was significantly lower than that on NC siRNA-treated mice ears, as evidenced by the alleviated ear inflammation phenotype, including decreased ear thickness, infiltration of inflammatory cells (CD3n + T cells and neutrophils), and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression levels (interleukin 17 [IL-17], IL-22, IL-23, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 20) (n P < 0.05 n vs. the Blank or NC siRNA groups). Compared to the NC siRNA treatment, the K17 siRNA treatment resulted in increased K1 and K10 expression, which are characteristic of keratinocyte differentiation (n vs. NC siRNA, K17 siRNA1 group: K1, n t= 4.782, n P= 0.0050; K10, n t= 3.365, n P= 0.0120; K17 siRNA2 group: K1, n t= 4.104, n P= 0.0093; K10, n t= 4.168, n P= 0.0042; siRNA Mix group: K1, n t= 3.065, n P = 0.0221; K10, n t = 10.83, n P < 0.0001), and decreased K16 expression, which is characteristic of keratinocyte proliferation ( n vs. NC siRNA, K17 siRNA1 group: n t= 4.156, n P= 0.0043; K17 siRNA2 group: n t= 2.834, n P= 0.0253; siRNA Mix group: n t= 2.734, n P = 0.0250).n Conclusions::Inhibition of K17 expression by its specific siRNA significantly alleviated inflammation in mice with IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. Thus, gene therapy targeting K17 may be a potential treatment approach for psoriasis.“,”Background::Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with 2% to 3% prevalence worldwide and a heavy social-psychological burden for patients and their families. As the exact pathogenesis of psoriasis is still unknown, the current treatment is far from satisfactory. Thus, there is an urgent need to find a more effective therapy for this disease. Keratin 17 (K17), a type I intermediate filament, is overexpressed in the psoriatic epidermis and plays a critical pathogenic role by stimulating T cells in psoriasis. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibiting K17 may be a potential therapeutic approach for psoriasis. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of K17-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) on mice with imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis.Methods::Eight-week-old female BALB/c mice were administered a 5% IMQ cream on both ears to produce psoriatic dermatitis. On day 3, K17 siRNA was mixed with an emulsion matrix and applied topically to the left ears of the mice after IMQ application every day for 7 days. The right ears of the mice were treated in parallel with negative control (NC) siRNA. Inflammation was evaluated by gross ear thickness, histopathology, the infiltration of inflammatory cells (CD3n + T cells and neutrophils) using immunofluorescence, and the expression of cytokine production using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The obtained data were statistically evaluated by unpaired n t-tests and a one-way analysis of variance.n Results::The severity of IMQ-induced dermatitis on K17 siRNA-treated mice ears was significantly lower than that on NC siRNA-treated mice ears, as evidenced by the alleviated ear inflammation phenotype, including decreased ear thickness, infiltration of inflammatory cells (CD3n + T cells and neutrophils), and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression levels (interleukin 17 [IL-17], IL-22, IL-23, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 20) (n P < 0.05 n vs. the Blank or NC siRNA groups). Compared to the NC siRNA treatment, the K17 siRNA treatment resulted in increased K1 and K10 expression, which are characteristic of keratinocyte differentiation (n vs. NC siRNA, K17 siRNA1 group: K1, n t= 4.782, n P= 0.0050; K10, n t= 3.365, n P= 0.0120; K17 siRNA2 group: K1, n t= 4.104, n P= 0.0093; K10, n t= 4.168, n P= 0.0042; siRNA Mix group: K1, n t= 3.065, n P = 0.0221; K10, n t = 10.83, n P < 0.0001), and decreased K16 expression, which is characteristic of keratinocyte proliferation ( n vs. NC siRNA, K17 siRNA1 group: n t= 4.156, n P= 0.0043; K17 siRNA2 group: n t= 2.834, n P= 0.0253; siRNA Mix group: n t= 2.734, n P = 0.0250).n Conclusions::Inhibition of K17 expression by its specific siRNA significantly alleviated inflammation in mice with IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. Thus, gene therapy targeting K17 may be a potential treatment approach for psoriasis.