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目的了解和掌握我国儿童的体格发育现状及变化趋势,并提供0～7岁儿童的体格发育参考数据。方法采取随机整群抽样方法,调查北京、哈尔滨、西安、上海、南京、武汉、福州、广州、昆明九市及其郊区农村7岁以下儿童体格发育状况,包括体重、身高(长)、坐高(顶臀长)、头围、胸围5项指标;分男、女22个年龄组,各年龄组100～150人,共138775人。结果 2005年九市儿童的体重、身高和坐高值与1995年相比有明显的增长,并且随年龄增长,增幅逐渐增大;头围、胸围也有不同程度增长。城区、郊区之间仍存在明显差别,但郊区儿童的身高增长速度快于城区,城市与郊区儿童的身高差别逐渐缩小。九市1975至2005年的4次调查数据比较显示:30年间我国儿童的体重、身高值呈现快速增长趋势,表现为第2个10年的增长速度快于第1个10年,第3个10年的增长速度又快于第2个10年。结论我国九市城区与郊区7岁以下儿童的体格发育生长水平及营养状况较10年前有明显改善,我国儿童体格生长发育仍处于长期趋势中的快速增长阶段。九市儿童的平均生长水平已达到2006年世界卫生组织颁布的儿童生长标准。
Objective To understand and grasp the current situation and trend of children’s physical development in our country and to provide the physical development reference data of children aged 0-7 years. Methods Stochastic cluster sampling method was used to investigate the physical development status of children under 7 years of age in Beijing, Harbin, Xi’an, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Kunming and its suburban rural areas, including weight, height (height) (Top-rump length), head circumference, bust 5 indicators; male and female 22 age groups, each age group of 100 to 150, a total of 138775 people. Results In 2005, the weight, height and sitting height of children in nine cities increased significantly compared with that in 1995, and increased with age. The head circumference and chest circumference also increased to some extent. There are still significant differences between urban and suburban areas, but the height of suburban children grows faster than that of urban areas, and the difference in height between urban and suburban children shrinks. The comparison of four survey data from 1975 to 2005 in nine cities shows that the weight and height of children in our country showed a rapid growth trend in 30 years, showing that the growth rate of the second 10 years was faster than that of the first 10 years and the third 10 The annual growth rate is faster than the second 10 years. Conclusion The physical growth and nutritional status of children under 7 years of age in urban areas and suburban areas of nine cities in our country have obviously improved compared with that of 10 years ago. The physical growth and development of children in our country is still at a rapid growth stage in the long-term trend. The average growth rate of children in nine cities has reached the standard of children’s growth promulgated by the World Health Organization in 2006.