目的探讨丹参注射液对脓毒症小鼠脑内神经元损伤的保护作用及其可能机制。方法应用盲肠结扎穿刺法建立脓毒症模型。将80只小鼠随机均分为假手术(A)组、模型(B)组、地塞米松处理(C)组和丹参注射液处理(D)组。术后7d,统计各组小鼠生存率,采用免疫组化法观察各组神经元数量的变化,Western blot法检测小鼠海马部位细胞外调节蛋白激酶1/2(ERK1/2)和磷酸化ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)的表达水平,ELISA法检测外周血中TNF-α和IL-6的水平。结果与A组相比,B组小鼠生存率和神经元数量减少,p-ERK1/2表达、TNF-α和IL-6水平升高(P<0.01);而C组和D组能逆转B组上述各观察指标的变化过程(P<0.01或P<0.05),其中D组改善效果更加明显(P<0.01)。结论丹参注射液对脓毒症小鼠中枢脑内神经元损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与其抗炎作用和抑制ERK1/2磷酸化水平有关。 Objective To explore the protective effect of Danshen injection on the neuronal damage in the brain of septic mice and its possible mechanism. Methods The cecal ligation and puncture method was used to establish the sepsis model. Eighty mice were randomly divided into sham operation (group A), model group (B), dexamethasone treatment (group C) and salvia miltiorrhiza injection treatment (group D). At 7 days after operation, the survival rate of mice in each group was calculated. The number of neurons in each group was observed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1 / 2) and phosphorylation The expression of ERK1 / 2 (p-ERK1 / 2) was detected by ELISA. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in peripheral blood were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with group A, the survival rate and number of neurons in group B were decreased, the expression of p-ERK1 / 2, TNF-α and IL-6 were increased (P <0.01), while those in group C and D were reversed The changes of the above indexes in group B (P <0.01 or P <0.05), and the improvement effect in group D was more obvious (P <0.01). Conclusion Salvia miltiorrhiza injection has a protective effect on the neuronal damage in the central brain of septic mice. The mechanism may be related to its anti-inflammatory effect and inhibition of ERK1 / 2 phosphorylation.