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黄河下游花园口 92 8洪水属于含沙量中等偏高的高含沙水流 ,洪峰也只是常遇流量级 (6 2 6 0m3/s)的洪峰 ,但洪水位异常高 (94 33m ) ,仅比 195 8年 2 2 30 0m3/s洪峰流量时的水位低 0 0 9m。本文通过现场查勘和对这场洪水水沙特性的分析 ,指出花园口站产生特高水位的直接原因是河床前期淤积 ,尤其是主槽淤积 ,以及该场洪水支、干流来水来沙的不利组合 ,而其根本原因却是来自于黄河上中游来水来沙的变化。自 80年代后期 ,黄河下游的径流量和输沙量急剧减少 ,并且随着流域经济建设的日益发展 ,下游径流来量日益减少是必然趋势 ,这将给黄河下游河道带来一系列新的变化 ,对防洪安全提出一些新的问题 ,需要加强原型观测和深入分析研究。
The Huayuankou 92 8 flood in the lower Yellow River belongs to the middle and high sediment-laden flow with a high sediment concentration. The flood peak is only a frequent flood peak with a flow rate of 6 2 6 0m3 / s, but the flood level is unusually high (94 33m) 195 8 years 2 2 30 0m3 / s Flood at low flood level 0 0 9m. Based on the site survey and the analysis of the characteristics of the flood and sediment, this paper points out that the direct causes of the ultra-high water level in Huayuankou Station are siltation in the early period of the river bed, especially the siltation of the main channel and the unfavorable Combination, and its root cause is from the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River water and sand changes. Since the late 1980s, the runoff and sediment transport in the lower Yellow River has dropped sharply. With the continuous development of economic construction in the basin, the declining flow of downstream runoff is an inevitable trend, which will bring a series of new changes to the lower Yellow River , Put forward some new problems for flood control safety, and need to strengthen prototype observation and in-depth analysis and research.