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激光雷达的最大测程是其重要的性能指标,会随探测目标性质的不同而发生较大变化。提出了激光雷达对空间点目标探测能力的地面标定方法,推导并给出了激光雷达对点目标的实用探测方程。影响激光雷达点目标探测能力的主要因素是激光的远场辐射强度分布,分析并给出了求解辐射强度分布的方法和公式。由面目标消光比测试和实验室内激光远场光束质量分布测试相结合的方法可以获取点目标处于光束不同位置时的最大测程。在此基础上,对某激光测距机的散射截面为0.15m2的点目标探测能力进行了测试。结果表明,在激光发散角为0.8 mrad范围内,该激光雷达具有15 km的探测能力,对点目标最大测程的测试不确定度为2.06%。
The maximum measurement range of LIDAR is its important performance index, which changes greatly with the nature of the detection target. A ground calibration method of lidar for space point target detection is proposed, and a practical detection equation of lidar for point target is deduced and given. The main factor affecting the laser radar target detection ability is the laser far-field radiation intensity distribution, and the method and formula for solving the radiation intensity distribution are given. By the combination of the target extinction ratio test and the laboratory laser far-field beam quality distribution test, the maximum range of the point target at different positions of the beam can be obtained. On the basis of this, a point-target detection capability of a laser range finder with a scattering cross-section of 0.15 m2 was tested. The results show that the laser radar has a detection capability of 15 km at a laser divergence angle of 0.8 mrad and a test uncertainty of 2.06% for the maximum range measurement of a point target.