洋务运动是１９世纪６０—９０年代清政府在“自强”、“求富”口号下推行的以举办近代军用及民用企业为主要内容的改革，涉及外交、军事、经济、文教等领域。人教版高中《中国近代现代史》（试验修订本）上册讲述洋务运动一节时，指出：“清政府在甲午中日战争中的惨败，宣告? The Westernization Movement was a reform initiated by the Qing government in the 1960s and 1990s under the slogan “Self-improvement” and “Getting Rich,” and it focused on the holding of modern military and civilian enterprises. It involved diplomatic, military, economic, cultural, and educational fields. In the section on the Westernization Movement in the first edition of the “High School Modern History of China” (Test Revision) by the People’s Education Press, it was pointed out: “The Qing government’s fiasco in Sino-Japanese War in the Sino-Japanese War was declared?