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20世纪60年代西方世界进入后工业社会,与这种社会结构的变迁相伴随的是后现代价值观的兴起,而后物质主义价值观则是其中一个重要部分。除了经济增长和福利社会所提供的安全性之外,导致后物质主义价值观出现的内在动因在于,当生存和安全等基本需要得到满足之后,人对于尊重、自我实现等高级需要的追求日益增强。这一态势在现实生活中即表现为,对经济增长和社会保障等物质主义价值关注程度的减少,而对环境保护、生活质量和个人自由等后物质主义价值重视程度的提高。但在西方发达工业社会中,价值观的后物质主义转向并非一夜之间实现的,而是通过在经济安全时代成长的一代人逐渐替代了在短缺经济时代长大的一代人这样一种代际更替机制而达成的。
The western world entered the post-industrial society in the 1960s. Along with this change of social structure, the rise of post-modern values, and the latter’s materialistic values are one of the important parts. Apart from the economic growth and the security afforded by the welfare society, the intrinsic motivation behind the appearance of post-materialist values is that as the basic needs of survival and security are met, the pursuit of higher-level needs such as respect and self-fulfillment is growing. This situation manifests itself in real life as the reduction in the value of materialism such as economic growth and social security, while raising the emphasis on post-materialist values such as environmental protection, quality of life and individual freedom. However, in the western developed industrial society, the post-materialist shift in values was not achieved overnight. Rather, it was replaced by an intergenerational substitution by generations of people who grew up in the era of economic security and gradually replaced by those who grew up in the era of shortage economy Mechanism reached.