Objective To study the role of IFN-γ /IL-10 cytokines on IL-10 receptor gene and protein expression of human decidual stromal cells(DSC) in human early pregnancy in vitro.Methods Human DSC was isolated and cultured in vitro, and the expression of IL-10R1 and IL-10R2 gene was analyzed after cells had been treated with TH2-type cytokines IL-10 and TH1-type cytokines IFN-γ within 60 min with semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR, then the influence of IL-10 and IFN-γ on expression of IL-10R protein was examined by first trimester DSC using flow cytometry. In addition,the vitality of DSC was detected by MTT.Results IL-10R1 mRNA levels of DSC treated with IL-10 (10 ng/ml) reached the peak level within 15 min, and were significantly lower at 30 min, then were not detected at 45 min. The expression of IL-10R1 were induced to moderate level by IFN-γ(10 ng/ml)within 30 min, and reduced to undetected levels at 60 min. There was no significant difference of IL-10R2 expression (P＞0.05) between treated and not with the abovementioned cytokines. The IL-10R protein expression and vitality of DSC were significantly enhanced by IL-10 (10 ng/ml) and IFN-γ (10 ng/ml) which treated DSC 48 h (P＜0. 05).Conclusion IL-10 and IFN-γ may play an important role of biologic function in early pregnancy by influencing IL-10R expression of DSC.