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正渗透是指水在渗透压的作用下通过半透膜从高水化学势区域(或较低渗透压)自发地向低水化学势区域(或较高渗透压)传递的过程。与压力驱动的膜分离水处理技术(如超滤、纳滤、反渗透等)相比,正渗透具有低压、低能耗和较低的膜污染等优点。介绍了正渗透的技术原理,综述了其在水处理领域的研究和应用进展,分析了目前存在的问题,并展望其应用前景。
Positive infiltration refers to the process by which water permeates through the semipermeable membrane spontaneously from the high hydrated chemical potential region (or lower osmotic pressure) to the low hydrated chemical potential region (or higher osmotic pressure) under the osmotic pressure. Compared with pressure-driven membrane separation water treatment technology (such as ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, etc.), the positive infiltration has the advantages of low pressure, low energy consumption and lower membrane fouling. This paper introduces the technical principle of infiltration, summarizes its research and application progress in the field of water treatment, analyzes the existing problems and prospects its application prospects.