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目的:采用运动学数据描述和比较传统跑鞋和极简鞋在下坡、平坡和上坡跑步时对垂直刚度和下肢刚度的影响。方法:受试者为14名男性业余跑步者(年龄23.4±4.4岁,身高177.5±5.2 cm,体重69.5±5.3 kg)。要求一周内完成2次测试,每次测试时,受试者以10 km/h的速度在跑步机上进行7组(每组5 min)跑步,组间有5 min坐式休息。每组试验在-8%(下坡)到+8%(上坡)的范围内随机选择不同的坡度跑步。在每组试验中,要求所有受试者穿极简鞋跑步(5 min),随后再穿传统跑鞋跑步(5 min),以确保每个坡度各有一次随机平衡条件下的两种鞋对比试验。采用光电测试系统和高速摄像机采集运动学数据,计算出垂直刚度和下肢刚度。结果:在不同坡度跑时,极简鞋组的下肢压缩、触地时间和质心垂直位移均明显小于传统跑鞋组。随着倾斜角度增加,两组鞋的步频均显著增大。运动学分析显示,在相似的坡度跑时,极简鞋组的下肢刚度高于传统鞋组,在垂直刚度上两组鞋并无差异,但均会随着坡度的增加而增加。结论:不同的鞋和(或)坡度能对跑步时垂直刚度和下肢刚度产生不同影响。本研究采用两种刚度的测量方法,为理解不同条件下跑步的生物力学适应提供了独特视角。同时,通过量化各种刚度能进一步加深理解跑步者的训练、运动表现和损伤。
OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the effects of traditional running shoes and minimalist running shoes on vertical stiffness and lower limb rigidity when running downhill, flat slope and uphill with kinematic data. METHODS: Subjects were 14 male amateur runners (age 23.4 ± 4.4 years, height 177.5 ± 5.2 cm and weight 69.5 ± 5.3 kg). Two tests are required within a week. At each test, subjects run on a treadmill at 7 km (5 min each) at a speed of 10 km / h and have a 5-minute rest between groups. Each run randomly ran a different grade at a range of -8% (downhill) to + 8% (uphill). In each set of trials, all subjects were required to run a minimalist shoe run (5 min) followed by a traditional running shoe run (5 min) to ensure that each shoe had two randomized shoe-to-shoe comparative trials . Using optoelectronic test system and high-speed camera acquisition kinematic data to calculate the vertical stiffness and lower limb stiffness. Results: At different slopes, the reduction of lower extremity compression, touchdown time and centroid vertical displacement of the minimalist shoe group were significantly less than those of the traditional running shoe group. As the tilt angle increases, the pitch of both sets of shoes increases significantly. Kinematic analysis showed that the stiffness of lower extremity of the minimalist shoe group was higher than that of the traditional shoe group at similar slopes, and there was no difference in the vertical stiffness between the two groups of shoes, but both increased with the increase of slope. Conclusion: Different shoes and / or grades can have different effects on vertical stiffness and lower extremity stiffness during running. In this study, two measures of stiffness were used to provide a unique perspective for understanding the biomechanical adaptation of running under different conditions. At the same time, understanding the runner’s training, performance, and impairments can be further enhanced by quantifying the various stiffness levels.