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多数工业毒物主要经呼吸道进入人体,引起急性或慢性中毒,因此各国工业卫生标准(MAC或TLV)均以车间空气中毒物浓度来表示。然而,也有不少工业毒物可经皮肤吸收引起中毒,这些化合物的MAC或TLV注明有经皮肤吸收的危险。60年代初,上海市郊农药中毒原因有71.4％是由皮肤吸收而引起。国外有人调查指出,由于喷洒农药引起的皮肤污染量为呼吸道吸入量的20～1700倍。某些毒物在车间空气中的浓度,即使低于
Most industrial toxicants enter the body mainly through the respiratory tract, causing acute or chronic poisoning. Therefore, the national industrial hygiene standards (MAC or TLV) are expressed as the concentration of toxicants in the workplace. However, there are also many industrial toxicants that can be absorbed through the skin and poisoned by these compounds. The MAC or TLV of these compounds indicates the risk of transdermal absorption. In the early 1960s, 71.4% of the causes of pesticide poisoning in the suburbs of Shanghai were caused by skin absorption. Some foreign survey pointed out that the amount of skin pollution caused by spraying pesticides for respiratory tract inhalation of 20 to 1700 times. The concentration of some poisons in the workplace air, even below