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目的了解西安市中学生噪声性听力损失现况,探讨防治策略。方法用分层随机整群抽样法对西安市中学生行问卷调查、耳科检查及听力学检查,数据用SPSS15.0统计软件处理。结果共调查1 567人,男793人(50.61%),女774人(49.39%),平均15.7±1.4岁,使用MP3或MP4者1 335人,未使用者232人。噪声性听力损失55人,患病率为3.51%。其中,男、女性分别为45人(5.67%)和10人(1.29%),有、无MP3或MP4使用史者分别为52人(3.90%)和3人(1.29%),有、无学习压力问题者分别为21人(3.33%)和24人(2.56%),有无睡眠问题者分别为24人(4.62%)和21人(2.00%)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、MP3/MP4使用时间、失眠等因素与听力损失有关,OR值分别为0.21、4.115、1.187,MP3/MP4使用是听力损失的独立危险因素。结论噪声性听力损失是目前西安市中学生听力减退的重要因素,MP3/MP4使用不当可导致噪声性听力损失。
Objective To understand the current situation of noise-induced hearing loss among middle school students in Xi’an and to discuss the prevention and treatment strategies. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to conduct questionnaire survey, otology examination and audiological examination in Xi’an middle school students. The data were processed by SPSS15.0 statistical software. Results A total of 1 567 persons were surveyed, including 793 (50.61%) male and 774 (49.39%) women, with an average of 15.7 ± 1.4 years old. There were 1 335 persons using MP3 or MP4 and 232 unidentified persons. 55 people with noise-induced hearing loss, the prevalence was 3.51%. Among them, 45 (5.67%) and 10 (1.29%) were male and female, respectively, with 52 (3.90%) and 3 (1.29%) with or without MP3 or MP4 history respectively, with and without study The number of stressors were 21 (3.33%) and 24 (2.56%) respectively, with 24 (4.62%) and 21 (2.00%) suffering from sleep problems, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, MP3 / MP4 use time, insomnia and other factors related to hearing loss, OR values were 0.21,4.115,1.187, MP3 / MP4 use is an independent risk factor for hearing loss. Conclusion Noise-induced hearing loss is an important factor in the hearing loss of middle school students in Xi’an. Improper use of MP3 / MP4 can lead to noise-induced hearing loss.