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执业资格是政府对某些责任重大、社会通用性强、关系公共利益的专业实行的准入控制,是依法独立开业或从事某一特定专业学识、技术和能力的必备标准[1]。是国家对从事特定行业的相对人实施管理的一种重要的事前控制手段,通过考试的相对人获得从事某种特定行业的资格,是选拔人才的一种有效手段。1994年3月15日,国家人事部、药品监督局共同制定、联合下发了《执业药师资格制度》,我国开始在药学领域实行执业资格制度,即执业药师。
Licensing is the government’s access control to certain professions that have major responsibilities, strong social universality and public interest, and are indispensable standards for independently starting or undertaking the study, technology and ability of a particular profession according to law. It is an important pre-existent control method for the state to carry out the management of the relative person engaged in a specific trade. It is an effective means to select qualified personnel to obtain qualification to engage in a specific industry through the relative of the exam. March 15, 1994, the Ministry of Personnel, Drug Administration jointly developed and jointly issued a “licensed pharmacist qualification system”, China began to practice in the field of pharmacy qualification system, the licensed pharmacist.